This study will investigate whether myofascial release therapy alone or in combination with therapeutic exercises can improve cervical spine alignment, measured by cervical Cobb angle on X-ray, in patients with cervicogenic headache. The research will also examine potential effects on sleep quality and psychological factors."
Age 20-55 years.
Clinical diagnosis of cervicogenic headache according to International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) criteria (headache attributed to cervical disorder).
History of major cervical spine pathology such as fracture, dislocation, congenital malformation, tumor, infection, or inflammatory arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis).
Previous cervical spine surgery or fusion at any level.
Red flag symptoms indicating serious pathology (e.g., progressive neurological deficit, unexplained weight loss, fever, history of cancer).
Systemic or neurological disorders that may affect neck function or headache (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease).
Parallel
Exercises (Endurance and strengthening)
Other interventionNeck Strengthening and Endurance Exercises with Hot Packs Preparation: A moist hot pack will be applied for 10-15 minutes to the cervical region before exercise to reduce stiffness and enhance tissue extensibility. Exercise program: Deep cervical flexor training: Chin tucks in supine and sitting, progressing to sustained isometric holds. Extensor and scapular stabilizer training: Prone head lifts and shoulder retraction exercises with light resistance. Endurance training: Low-load, high-repetition exercises focusing on maintaining cervical posture against gravity. Progression: Intensity and duration will gradually increase, emphasizing endurance over maximal strength to correct postural deficits. Frequency: 40 minutes per session, 3 times per week for 6 weeks Rationale: The combined use of heat and targeted exercises improves neuromuscular control, enhances cervical stability, and supports better cervical curvature correction. Myofascial Release Technique
Myofascial release technique
Other interventionMyofascial Release Technique Target areas: Suboccipital muscles, upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and deep cervical fascia. Method: A physiotherapist will perform gentle, sustained manual pressure and low-load, long-duration stretching on restricted cervical and upper thoracic fascia to reduce tension and improve soft tissue mobility. Duration and frequency: Each session will include 30'to 50 minutes of myofascial release, delivered 3 times per week for the study period for 6 weeks. Rationale: This technique aims to decrease myofascial restrictions contributing to abnormal cervical alignment and pain, thereby facilitating improved posture and muscle activation.
Cervical cobb angle
Cobb angle of cervical spine assessed by X Ray (Lateral)
Landmarks \& angle construction (C2-C7 Cobb) Draw a line along the inferior endplate of C2. Draw a line along the inferior endplate of C7. Erect perpendiculars to each line and measure the angle at their intersection (alternatively, measure the acute angle between the two endplate lines and subtract from 180°). Record the angle in degrees of lordosis (greater positive values = greater lordosis). Note the sign convention in your CRF and keep it consistent pre/post. Normal value is between 20\_40
Hospital Anxiety and depression scale
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a validated self-report screening tool developed to assess levels of anxiety and depression in patients, particularly in non-psychiatric hospital settings. It contains 14 items divided into two subscales: seven items for anxiety (HADS-A) and seven for depression (HADS-D). Each item is scored on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 3, giving a maximum score of 21 for each subscale. Higher scores indicate greater symptom severity. Scores of 0-7 are generally considered normal, 8-10 suggest borderline (possible) anxiety or depression, and 11-21 indicate clinically significant levels. The HADS is widely used in clinical and research contexts due to its brevity, ease of administration, and ability to distinguish between anxiety and depression symptoms without being confounded by physical illness.
sleep quality
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a widely used self-report questionnaire designed to assess sleep quality and disturbances over a one-month period. It consists of 19 items grouped into seven components: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Each component is scored from 0 (no difficulty) to 3 (severe difficulty), and the component scores are summed to yield a global score ranging from 0 to 21. A higher score indicates poorer sleep quality, with a global score greater than 5 commonly used to differentiate between good and poor sleepers. The PSQI is valued for its reliability, validity, and practicality in both clinical and research settings for evaluating sleep problems across diverse populations.
neck disability
The Neck Disability Index (NDI) is a self-administered questionnaire designed to measure a patient's level of neck pain-related disability. It consists of 10 items covering domains such as pain intensity, personal care, lifting, reading, headaches, concentration, work, driving, sleeping, and recreation. Each item is scored on a 6-point scale ranging from 0 (no disability) to 5 (complete disability), resulting in a total possible score of 50. The raw score is often expressed as a percentage by multiplying by two. Higher scores indicate greater disability, with common interpretation ranges being: 0-4 (no disability), 5-14 (mild), 15-24 (moderate), 25-34 (severe), and ≥35 (complete disability). The NDI is one of the most widely used tools for assessing functional status in patients with neck pain, demonstrating strong reliability, validity, and responsiveness to clinical change.
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