Effect of Myofascial Release Versus Deep Friction Massage on Abdominal Recovery and Scar After Cesarean Section
Trial statusRecruiting
Trial phaseNot applicable
Trial typeInterventional
Biological sexFemale
Age30-45
SponsorCairo University
About this trial
This study was done to compare the effect of myofascial release versus deep friction massage on abdominal recovery and scar after cesarean section.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
All postpartum women >6 months postnatal having a post-Cesarean-section scar.
Postpartum women with a well-healed cesarean section scar resulted in chronic pain in the scar, pelvis, or abdomen.
Their ages will range from 30 to 45 years.
Their body mass index (BMI) is less than 30 kg/m².
Disqualifiers
Pregnant women or planning for pregnancy.
Postpartum women with abdominal infectious diseases.
Cardiovascular diseases.
Previous spinal surgery.
Trial design
Design model
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Myofascial release
Other interventionThe study involves women in both groups receiving myofascial release technique for twenty minutes three times per week for eight weeks. The technique requires the patient's skin to be dry and not oily, and all techniques must be applied at the barrier of tissue resistance. The technique involves gentle, sustained pressure held at the barrier for at least five minutes to allow the patient to respond to the treatment and relax. The technique involves skin stretching and desensitization around the scar, using up and down, side-to-side, and circular maneuvers.
Deep friction massage
Other interventionWomen in both groups (C) will receive a deep friction massage three times a week for eight weeks, applying a fingertip pad perpendicularly to post-cesarean scar tissue, moving across the band and back-and-forth motion along the scar tissue's length.
Routine daily scar care advices
Other interventionEach woman in all groups (A, B, and C) will receive full instructions for daily post-cesarean-section scar care. Weekly revision for post-cesarean-section scar care will conduct by the researcher
Treatment groups
36 Participants
are divided into 3 treatment groupsGroup A: home advicesActive comparator 1 intervention
Group B: myofascial release techniqueExperimental treatment 2 interventions
Group C: deep friction massageExperimental treatment 2 interventions
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
1
assessment of pain intensity
Participants will use a visual analogue scale to assess waist pain intensity before and after treatment for all groups, rating severity from zero to 10. This reliable and time-efficient method is suitable for assessing pain levels post-c Cesarean scar site.
Time frame
at baseline and after 8 weeksSecondary outcomes
1
Assessment of post-Cesarean-section scar recovery
The modified Vancouver scale will be used to assess post-Cesarean section scar tissue, focusing on vascularity, pigmentation, pliability, and height. The scale will be tested using four characteristics of the scar: vascularity, height, pliability, and pigmentation. The overall score between 0 and 13 is calculated by adding up the scores of each characteristic. The modified scale will be evaluated through multiple photographs of the patient's scar, evaluating four parameters: irregularity of texture, height, pigmentation, and vascularity. Modifications may be suggested to improve reliability and teaching, but it is not yet a validated tool.
Time frame
at baseline and after 8 weeks2
Assessment of pressure pain threshold
A pressure algometer is a reliable device used to assess pressure pain threshold and deep tenderness in post-Cesarean scar tissue. It consists of a gauge attached to a rubber tip and calibrated in kg/cm², with a range of 1-10 kg/cm². The algometer has a probe, handheld and analogue pieces, and measures accurately to 0.1 kg/cm². Participants are instructed to relax in a comfortable supine position, and the pressure is increased by one kilogram per second until discomfort is felt. The mean pressure value is recorded as the pressure pain threshold at the post-Cesarean scar.
Time frame
at baseline and after 8 weeks3
Assessment of abdominal recovery
The study will conduct an abdominal endurance test for all participants pre- and post-treatment. Participants will lie with a 70° wooden support, and the researcher will measure their endurance and functional ability. If they cannot sustain their position, they will be recorded as having poor endurance and functional ability, while those who can sustain their position for 15-30 seconds will be classified as having perfect endurance and functional ability.
Time frame
at baseline and after 8 weeks4
Assessment of abdominal musculatures strength
The study will conduct a manual muscle test on all participants pre- and post-treatment, assessing abdominal musculature strength using Dr. Lovett's manual muscle test scale. The rectus abdominus muscle will be examined by lifting the participant to the lower end of the scapulae, leaning forward with crossed hands, and repeating this motion. The test will be recorded on a 0-5-point scale.
Time frame
at baseline and after 8 weeksSponsors and contacts
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Source ClinicalTrials.gov