This study aims to determine the combined effect of resisted deep breathing and Myofascial release on pain, respiratory efficiency, chest mobility and lymph edema in Postmastectomy.
Radiation therapy and chemotherapy was finished at least three months
6 months after mastectomy for breast cancer being diagnosed without lymphedema or with stage 1 lymphedema
Complete unilateral Mastectomy
pain and having one or more of the following symptoms: heaviness, numbness, oppression, stiffness, alterations in the function, or mobility of the limited shoulder range of motion.
Presence of shoulder pathologies for which surgical indications exist
Musculoskeletal injury in adjacent areas (shoulder or neck etc.)
bilateral surgery for the treatment of breast cancer
Bilateral lymphadenectomy
Parallel
Resisted Deep Breathing
Other interventionThe total duration of treatment will be 12 weeks and there will be 2 sessions each week
Myofascial release
Other interventionThe total duration of treatment will be 12 weeks and there will be 2 sessions each week
Spirometer
The evaluation of pulmonary function will be performed using conventional spirometry with a Spirobank USB spirometer (Medical International Research, Rome, Italy). The directly measured parameters will include lung volumes, capacities, and flow rates, assessed through the procedures of slow vital capacity (SVC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), performed in this order
Circumferential limb measurements
In the proposed study, upper limb volume will be measured using circumference measurements. The anatomical positions of the arm will be selected at 7 cm intervals, including the wrist (the slenderest part), 7 cm above the wrist (lower arm), 7 cm below the elbow (lower arm), at the elbow, 7 cm above the elbow (upper arm), and at the same level as the axilla (upper arm). To minimize measurement error, all measurements will be taken at a constant pressure, with participants seated in a position where the hips and knees are bent at 90 degrees.
Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS)
Subjective pain will be measured using the Numerical pain Rating Scale (NPRS), which is the simplest and most commonly used pain assessment tool. Patients will be asked to mark a point on a line ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain) to indicate their pain intensity.
Chest Mobility
Chest circumference at maximal voluntary inspiration (insp) and maximal voluntary expiration (expir), as well as chest expansion (CE) calculated as the difference between insp and expir will be measured in a sitting position using a tape marked in 0.1 cm increments at the level of the fourth intercostal space. Participants will be instructed about the procedure and asked to exhale fully and hold for expir, and inhale deeply and hold for insp. The highest insp and lowest expir values from three attempts will be recorded, and their difference will represent chest expansion
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