This study aims to investigate the effect of TECAR therapy on pain, shoulder range of motion, functional disability, and handgrip strength in patients with grade II supraspinatus tendinitis.
Supraspinatus Tendinitis grade II based on Neer's classification, confirmed by special tests, signs, and symptoms of grade I and II Supraspinatus Tendinitis for the past month, and taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as suggested by the physician.
All patients will have a body mass index between 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m².
Other grades of Supraspinatus Tendinitis.
Any past shoulder surgical interventions.
Instability of the shoulder joint due to other reasons, Acromioclavicular Joint Arthritis.
Non-cooperative subjects.
Parallel
Conventional treatment
Other interventionAll patients in both groups will receive conventional treatment, 3 sessions per week for 3 weeks. The conventional methods for treating supraspinatus tendinitis include shoulder swings, painless range of motion (ROM) exercises, shoulder joint active-assisted exercises, resistance exercises to improve muscle strength, and pain-reducing physiotherapy modalities like ultrasound.
TECAR (Transfer of Energy Capacitive and Resistive) Therapy
DevicePatients in the experimental group only will receive TECAR therapy, 3 sessions per week for 3 weeks. The treatment will start with an automatic capacitive energy transfer for 10 minutes. Next, the capacitive plaque will be replaced by the resistive electrode, and the neutral electrode will be fixed
Assessment of Pain Intensity of Shoulder Joint by Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)
The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) will evaluate shoulder pain when using the NRS. Patients will be asked to rate their pain on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 represents "no pain" and 10 represents "the worst pain possible.
Assessment of Shoulder abduction range of motion
A digital goniometer will be used to assess shoulder joint abduction range of motion in patients with chronic supraspinatus tendinitis before and after the treatment sessions. Measurements will be taken with the patient in the supine position. The fulcrum of the goniometer will be centered at the anterior aspect of the acromion process, the stationary arm will be aligned parallel to the midline of the torso, and the moving arm will be aligned with the midline of the humerus, pointing toward the medial epicondyle of the elbow.
Assessment of Shoulder External Rotation range of motion
Shoulder joint external rotation range of motion will also be assessed using a digital goniometer before and after the treatment sessions in patients with chronic supraspinatus tendinitis. The patient will be positioned supine during measurement. The fulcrum of the goniometer will be centered over the olecranon process of the elbow, the stationary arm will be aligned perpendicular to the floor, and the moving arm will be aligned with the ulna, pointing toward the ulnar styloid process.
Assessment of Handgrip strength by handheld dynamometer
A JAMAR hand dynamometer (Sammons Preston Inc, Bolingbrook, IL, USA) will be used to measure grip strength in kilograms. The Jamar is small and portable but relatively heavy at 1.5 lb. The dial reads force in both kilograms and pounds, with markings at intervals of 2 kg or 5 lb, allowing assessment to the nearest 1 kg or 2.5 lb. The reading error is reported to be greater at lower loadings. This method has high test-retest reliability. Also, it has both inter and intra-rater reliability.
Assessment of Functional disability by QuickDASH Scale (Arabic Version)
The QuickDASH includes 30 items, with six items about symptoms (3 about pain, 1 for tingling/numbness, 1 for weakness, 1 for stiffness) and 24 about function (21 about physical function, 3 about social/role function). For each question, the subject rated the performance in the last week on a 5-point scale (1 = no difficulty to perform or no impact; 5 = unable to do or high impact). The raw score is the sum of all answers (maximum score: 150; minimum score: 30). The raw score is transformed into a zero to 100 scale (= total DASH). Zero is no disability and 100 maximum disability.
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