This study aims to determine the differences between the effect of ultrasound cavitation and whole-body vibration on abdominal fat in obese adolescent females
Adolescent females suffer from abdominal obesity.
Their ages will be ranged from 17 to 25 years old.
Their body mass index (BMI) will be ranged from 30 to 35 kg/m2.
Their waist circumference will be > 88 cm.
Thyroid, hepatic and kidney disorders.
Diabetes mellitus, coronary artery diseases, hypertension and congestive heart failure.
Recent abdominal surgical scar or umbilical hernia.
History of orthopedic implants insertion or cardiac pacemaker implantation.
Parallel
Low caloric diet
Dietary supplementLow caloric diet: the participants will receive low caloric diet program (1500 Kcal/ day) for 6 weeks as follows: 45% carbohydrate, 20% fat and 35% proteins of total calorie intake.
Ultrasound cavitation
DeviceUltrasound cavitation + Low caloric diet Low caloric diet program (1500 Kcal/ day): for 6 weeks. Ultrasound cavitation: It will be on abdomen for 30 minutes/session, 2 sessions/week for 6 weeks as follows: * The participants will be in supine lying position and the abdomen is divided into two sides right and left from the midline. * The Ultrasound pulsed waves will be set with power input (AC100/ 240V), frequency (40 KHz), and Power output (45W). This will be for 15 minutes on each abdominal side.
Whole body vibration
DeviceWhole body vibration + Low caloric diet Low caloric diet program (1500 Kcal/ day) for 6 weeks. Whole body vibration: for 30 minutes/session, 2 sessions/week for 6 weeks as follows: * The participants will begin with a brief warm-up for 5 minutes by doing deep breathing exercises. * Then they will stand with feet shoulder-width apart on the platform while holding handrails to maintain balance and stability. They will be instructed to relax and allow the vibrations to pass through her body. This will be applied for 20 minutes per session. * The vibration will be started with lower settings and gradually will be increased till the desired frequency and amplitude (45 HZ) will be reached. * After the session will be completed, the participant will be instructed to cool down gradually by doing deep breathing for 5 minutes to help their body to return to a resting state. They will be advised to drink plenty of water to be hydrated and recovered after the WBV session.
Weight
BMI
Weight/ height scale will be used to measure the weight and height of all females in all groups to calculate their BMI before and after treatment according to the following equation BMI = weight/ height² (kg/m²)
Waist circumference
It is a measurement taken around the waist at the level of the narrowest part of the torso, typically located between the bottom of the rib cage and the top of the hip bones (iliac crest). It is used as an indicator of central obesity. However, as a general guideline, a waist circumference of over 35 inches (88 cm) in women is often considered high and indicative of an increased health risk .
Waist to hip ratio (WHR)
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is a measurement that compares the circumference of the waist to that of the hips. The waist circumference is measured at the narrowest point of the torso, usually just above the belly button (umbilicus), and the hip circumference is measured at the widest part, 9 around the buttocks at level of greater trochanters; then dividing the waist circumference by the hip circumference. The formula is as follows: WHR = Waist Circumference / Hip Circumference. For women, a WHR above 0.85 is often considered high and indicative of an increased health risk.
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