Spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension remains a common and significant complication during cesarean sections, posing risks for both mother and fetus. Vitamin D deficiency, frequently observed in pregnant women, is associated with altered vascular function and potential hemodynamic instability. This prospective observational study aims to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased incidence and severity of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery. Vitamin D levels will be measured preoperatively, and intraoperative hemodynamic parameters will be closely monitored. The findings could contribute to improved management strategies for pregnant patients at risk of severe hypotension.
Pregnant women aged 18 years or older
Scheduled for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia
Able and willing to provide written informed consent
Emergency cesarean sections
History of significant cardiovascular disease (e.g., arrhythmia, heart failure)
Known neurological disorders affecting autonomic function
Current vitamin D supplementation within the past 30 days
Pregnant women aged 18 years and older who are scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia at a tertiary care university hospital. All participants will be clinically stable and provide informed consent prior to enrollment. The study population will be stratified based on serum vitamin D levels into deficient and sufficient groups for analysis of hypotension outcomes.
Cohort
Prospective
Intraoperative Hemodynamic Monitoring
Other interventionContinuous intraoperative monitoring of systolic blood pressure and heart rate following spinal anesthesia. Vasopressor usage and total fluid administration will be recorded.
Incidence of Hypotension After Spinal Anesthesia
Hypotension is defined as a ≥20% decrease in systolic blood pressure from baseline or an absolute systolic value \<90 mmHg. The presence or absence of hypotension will be recorded.
Total Vasopressor Dose Administered
Cumulative amount (in mg) of vasopressor (e.g., ephedrine or phenylephrine) used to manage hypotension.
Total Crystalloid Volume Administered
Total amount (in mL) of intravenous crystalloids given from the time of spinal anesthesia until delivery.
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