About this trial
The aim of this study is to determine the comparative effects of sacral release technique and lumbar mobilization in pain, symptoms severity and quality of life in primary dysmenorrhea.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
Unmarried female
Diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea through WaLIDD Score
Regular menstrual cycles (21-35 days)
Pain score of > 4 on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) during menstruation
Disqualifiers
Any pelvic inflammatory disease
Obesity
PCOS
Spinal deformity
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
SACRAL RELEASE TECHNIQUE
Other interventionThe therapist will maintain gentle, sustained holds for 3 to 5 minutes per repetition, with 2 to 3 repetitions per session. Each session lasted 15 to 20 minutes. 3 times per week over a period of two consecutive menstrual cycles, for six-weeks period
LUMBAR MOBILIZATION
Other interventionTreatments will be administered three times per menstrual cycle over a six-weeks period
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a unidimensional scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). The NPRS demonstrates excellent test-retest reliability, with Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) typically above 0.90, indicating stability of responses over time. Its internal consistency has been shown to be high, with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.86 to 0.95, reflecting a strong degree of reliability. The tool also has validity as it correlates significantly with other pain-related outcome measures domains of quality-of-life instruments
Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ)
It is a validated instrument designed to assess the frequency and intensity of common menstrual-related symptoms, including pain, mood changes, fatigue, bloating, and general discomfort. It provides a comprehensive overview of both physical and emotional aspects of menstruation, making it suitable for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions in conditions like primary dysmenorrhea. The scale demonstrates acceptable internal consistency, with a reported Cronbach's alpha of 0.78, indicating reliable measurement across diverse symptom domain
EuroQol-5 Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D)
The EuroQol-5 Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D) is assessing health-related quality of life in women with primary dysmenorrhea. The internal consistency of the EQ-5D in related populations have reported a Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.70 to 0.89, indicating acceptable to excellent reliability
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