To investigate the effects of simple dietary management and diet combined with exercise capacity-targeted intelligent lifestyle management on improving metabolic indicators in patients with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Aged between 20 and 60 years.
Overweight or obese, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m² and < 40 kg/m².
Central obesity: Waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for males or ≥ 85 cm for females.
Hyperglycemia: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 6.1 mmol/L, or 2-hour plasma glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and/or currently receiving treatment for previously diagnosed diabetes.
History of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, or in the acute phase, including: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization surgery, stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic, including transient ischemic attack), symptomatic peripheral artery disease requiring surgery or diagnosed via angiographic techniques, ventricular arrhythmias, uncontrolled atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association class III or IV), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, history of aneurysm with diameter ≥ 5.5 cm, or history of aneurysm surgery.
Malignancy or history of malignancy within the past five years.
Religious restrictions or dysphagia preventing adherence to the recommended diet.
Contraindications to exercise, such as orthopedic disorders.
Parallel
Dietary Prescription
BehavioralDietary Prescription: Using the Mediterranean diet or DASH diet as reference models, dietary prescriptions will be formulated based on the nutritional assessment results of the participants: 1. Energy and Macronutrient Intake: The daily energy intake standard will be estimated according to each participant's Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and physical activity level. The macronutrient ratio will be personalized by the dietitian based on the participant's metabolic indicators. 2. Personalized Dietary Guidance: Based on the baseline dietary assessment and specific metabolic syndrome indicators, dietitians will develop personalized dietary prescriptions. The diet encourages the consumption of raw nuts, fruits, vegetables (including dark-colored vegetables such as spinach, rape, leeks, broccoli, etc.), whole grains, legumes, lean meats, fish, and low-fat dairy products.
Personalized Exercise Prescription
BehavioralBased on the baseline functional fitness tests and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) results, a personalized exercise training regimen will be established. The program will be primarily delivered through instructional videos and monitored via an APP-based exercise log. The specific exercise components include: respiratory muscle training, aerobic training, upper and lower limb resistance training, and flexibility training.
Metabolic Syndrome Prevention and Education
BehavioralMaintain an ideal body weight, engage in appropriate exercise, modify dietary structure to reduce caloric intake, restrict salt consumption, reduce intake of sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened beverages, quit smoking, avoid excessive alcohol consumption, and maintain a positive emotional state.
metabolic syndrome prevalence
The change in metabolic syndrome prevalence before and after the intervention in the diet-enhanced group, and a comparison of the changes in metabolic syndrome prevalence before and after the intervention between the comprehensive lifestyle intervention group and the diet-enhanced group.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise performance
We will conduct a cardiopulmonary exercise test to obtain the maximal oxygen uptake ( VO2max ) as an indicator of changes in cardiopulmonary fitness and exercise performance at each follow-up visit, compared to the baseline.
Metabolic syndrome indicator values
the number of abnormal indicators (including blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, waist circumference, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)) at each follow-up visit, compared to the baseline.
Body composition parameters
including body weight and calculate BMI at each follow-up visit, compared to the baseline
Glycometabolism metabolism related indicators
including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at each follow-up visit, compared to the baseline
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