Goal Setting to Promote Physical Activity Adherence in Midlife Adults

Change in accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity from baseline to 6- and 9-months

Participants will wear wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X Link Activity monitors the activity monitor on their non-dominant wrist during all waking hours for 7 consecutive days to provide an assessment of usual activity.

Change in Fitbit-assessed moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity

Participants will wear a wrist-worn Fitbit activity monitor daily throughout the 9-month intervention.

Change in self-reported moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity from baseline to 6- and 9-months

Self-reported minutes per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity assessed by the 7-day Physical Activity Recall.

Change in physical activity self-regulation from baseline to 6- and 9-months

Assessed using the The 12-item Physical Activity Self-Regulation Scale (PASR-12; Umstattd et al., 2009). This scale assess 6 PA-related self-regulatory domains: self-monitoring, goal setting, eliciting social support, reinforcements, time management, relapse prevention. The range of possible scores is 5-60, with higher scores indicating higher levels of physical activity self-regulation.

Change in physical activity behavioral strategies from baseline to 6- and 9-months

Assessed using 10-item Self-Regulation scale from the Health Belief Survey (Anderson et al., 2010) This scale assesses the use of behavioral strategies to incorporate physical activity into daily activities (i.e., take stairs instead of elevator, walking instead of driving when running errands). The range of possible scores for this measure is 1-5, with higher scores indicating higher levels of physical activity self-regulation.

Change in physical activity self-efficacy from baseline to 6- and 9-months

Assessed by the 12-item Exercise Self-Efficacy survey (Sallis et al.1987). The range of possible scores for this measure is 1-5, with higher scores indicating higher levels of physical activity self-efficacy.

Change in general self-regulation from baseline to 6- and 9-months

Assessed using the 31-item short version of the self-regulation scale (SSRS; Carey, Neal, \& Collins, 2004). The range of possible scores is 31 to 155, with higher scores indicate greater self-regulation

Change in immediate verbal memory from baseline to 6- and 9-months

Assessed using the Auditory Verbal Learning Test. This test is administered on an iPad and is scored automatically using software available from the NIH Toolbox, which provides an age-adjusted standard score (possible range: 50 to 150) and percentile score (possible range: 1st percentile to 99th percentile). Higher scores indicate greater immediate verbal memory capacity.

Change in delayed verbal memory from baseline to 6- and 9-months

Assessed using the Delayed Auditory Verbal Learning Test. This test is administered on an iPad and is scored automatically using software available from the NIH Toolbox, which provides an age-adjusted standard score (possible range: 50 to 150) and percentile score (possible range: 1st percentile to 99th percentile). Higher scores indicate greater immediate verbal memory capacity.

Change in visual memory from baseline to 6- and 9-months

Assessed using the Picture Sequence Memory Test. This test is administered on an iPad and is scored automatically using software available from the NIH Toolbox, which provides an age-adjusted standard score (possible range: 50 to 150) and percentile score (possible range: 1st percentile to 99th percentile). Higher scores indicate greater immediate verbal memory capacity.

Change in executive function from baseline to 6- and 9-months

Assessed using the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test. This test is administered on an iPad and is scored automatically using software available from the NIH Toolbox, which provides an age-adjusted standard score (possible range: 50 to 150) and percentile score (possible range: 1st percentile to 99th percentile). Higher scores indicate greater immediate verbal memory capacity.