To evaluate hysteroscopic findings in women with postmenopausal bleeding and correlate them with histopathological results of the endometrium., Sohag University Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology department
Postmenopausal women presenting with uterine bleeding
Age ≥ 45 years
Women on hormone replacement therapy
Bleeding due to vulvar, vaginal, cervical, or urethral causes
Patients on anticoagulant therapy
Patients unfit for hysteroscopy
All patients in this study will be subjected to the following (as detailed in the attached patient's data sheet). I. Clinical Assessment * Detailed history including: * Duration since menopause * Pattern and duration of bleeding * Obstetric and medical history * General abdominal and pelvic examination II. Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVS) * Measurement of endometrial thickness * Assessment of uterine and adnexal pathology III. Hysteroscopic Examination Hysteroscopy will be performed using a rigid hysteroscope to evaluate: * Endometrial appearance * Presence of polyps, hyperplasia, or malignancy Hysteroscopic findings will be classified as: * Normal (proliferative, secretory, atrophic) * Abnormal (polyp, hyperplasia, carcinoma, fibroid) (1,3) Criteria suggestive of: * Hyperplasia: irregular thickened endometrium, increased vascularity (1,3) * Carcinoma: irregular necrotic tissue, atypical vessels, friable surface (1,3) IV. Endometrial Sampling • Directed biopsy will be taken from su
Cohort
Prospective
Not listed
evaluate hysteroscopic findings in women with postmenopausal bleeding and correlate them with histopathological results of the endometrium
All patients in this study will be subjected to the following (as detailed in the attached patient's data sheet). I. Clinical Assessment * Detailed history including: * Duration since menopause * Pattern and duration of bleeding * Obstetric and medical history * General abdominal and pelvic examination II. Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVS) * Measurement of endometrial thickness * Assessment of uterine and adnexal pathology III. Hysteroscopic Examination Hysteroscopy will be performed using a rigid hysteroscope to evaluate: * Endometrial appearance * Presence of polyps, hyperplasia, or malignancy Hysteroscopic findings will be classified as: * Normal (proliferative, secretory, atrophic) * Abnormal (polyp, hyperplasia, carcinoma, fibroid) (1,3) Criteria suggestive of: * Hyperplasia: irregular thickened endometrium, increased vascularity (1,3) * Carcinoma: irregular necrotic tissue, atypical vessels, friable surface (1,3) IV. Endometrial Sampling • Directed biopsy will be taken from s
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