The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the effects of different intensities of transcranial direct current stimulationover primary motor cortex on motor learning in healthy adults. The main question it aims to answer is:
Which intensity of tDCS can best improve motor learning? Researchers will compare 1 mA, 2 mA, and 3 mA tDCS to sham tDCS to see which intensity of tDCS is most effective in improving the ability of motor learning.
Participants will be randomly divided into four groups and receive 4 different intensities of tDCS(1 mA, 2 mA, 3 mA and sham tDCS),and will be blinded to the type of tDCS they received. We hypothesized that anodal tDCS at 2 mA would produce the most substantial improvement in motor learning.
age between 18 and 25 years; (2) normal or corrected-to-normal vision; (3) no history of pregnancy, cardiovascular disease, other physical impairments or illnesses, and no personal or family history of mental illness; (4) no implantation of any internal or external medical devices; and (5) right-handedness.
None
Parallel
3 mA transcranial direct current stimulation
DeviceThe intervention will be conducted using a battery-powered stimulator (TCS-E2000, Shenzhen Yingchi Technology Co., Ltd) through a pair of saline-soaked sponge electrodes (5 cm × 7 cm).The stimulation intensity will be set at 3 mA. The stimulation will last for 20 minutes each time, with a 10 s fade-in period at the start and a 10-s fade-out period at the end of stimulation. The participants will receive intervention lasting for four weeks(10 sessions).The anodal electrode will be placed over the primary motor cortex (M1), and the reference electrode will be positioned at the center of the forehead.
2 mA transcranial direct current stimulation
DeviceThe intervention will be conducted using a battery-powered stimulator (TCS-E2000, Shenzhen Yingchi Technology Co., Ltd) through a pair of saline-soaked sponge electrodes (5 cm × 7 cm).The stimulation intensity will be set at 2 mA. The stimulation will last for 20 minutes each time, with a 10 s fade-in period at the start and a 10-s fade-out period at the end of stimulation. The participants will receive intervention lasting for four weeks(10 sessions).The anodal electrode will be placed over the primary motor cortex (M1), and the reference electrode will be positioned at the center of the forehead.
1 mA transcranial direct current stimulation
DeviceThe intervention will be conducted using a battery-powered stimulator (TCS-E2000, Shenzhen Yingchi Technology Co., Ltd) through a pair of saline-soaked sponge electrodes (5 cm × 7 cm).The stimulation intensity will be set at 1 mA. The stimulation will last for 20 minutes each time, with a 10 s fade-in period at the start and a 10-s fade-out period at the end of stimulation. The participants will receive intervention lasting for four weeks(10 sessions).The anodal electrode will be placed over the primary motor cortex (M1), and the reference electrode will be positioned at the center of the forehead.
sham transcranial direct current stimulation
DeviceThe intervention will be conducted using a battery-powered stimulator (TCS-E2000, Shenzhen Yingchi Technology Co., Ltd) through a pair of saline-soaked sponge electrodes (5 cm × 7 cm).The intervention will last for 20 minutes each time, with a 10 s fade-in period at the start and a 10-s fade-out period at the end of stimulation，but there is not current in between. The participants will receive intervention lasting for four weeks(10 sessions).The anodal electrode will be placed over the primary motor cortex (M1), and the reference electrode will be positioned at the center of the forehead.
Sequence Reaction Time Task
In this task, a white circle appears above one of four horizontally arranged white squares on the computer screen with black background. Participans were instructed to press the proper button on the response pad (buttons H, J, K, L) using the corresponding finger of the right hand (index finger for button H, middle finger for button J, ring finger for button K, and small finger for button L) when the white circle appeared at the left side, middle-left side, middle-right side, or right side of the computer screen, respectively. Each session consists of eight blocks, with each block comprising 120 trials.
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