The goal of this observational, quality improvement study is to compare the effect of a dose of morphine given during gall-bladder removal surgery. The main questions to answer are:
* Do participants, who are given given a dose of morphine during gall-bladder removal surgery, experience less pain after surgery? * Does a dose of morphine during gall-bladder removal surgery cause more side effects? The investigators will compare the effects of two types of anesthesia: a) anesthesia without morphine during surgery, and b) anesthesia with morphine during surgery.
patients who have had elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy/planned gall-bladder removal surgery
age limit as above
patients unable to give consent to anesthesia
patients unable to participate in pain scoring
patients with chronic pain syndromes, characterized by patients receiving regular analgesic treatment and patients with active or previous contact to pain clinic)
Surgery performed at Hospital og South West Jutland, Esbjerg in main operating facilities.
Cohort
Retrospective
Intraoperative morphine
Procedure/SurgeryMorphine dose = 0,1 mg mg/kg (maximum 10 mg) intravenous given 20 min after start of surgery
Use of rescue analgesia.
Calculated as morphine equivalents.
Intraoperative opioid use.
Calculated as morphine equivalents.
Pain-score at arrival in postoperative ward.
Intervals: 0 = no pain, 1 = light pain (equivalent to numerical ranking scale (NRS) 1-3), 2 = moderate pain (equivalent to NRS 4-6), 3 = severe pain (equivalent to NRS 7-10).
Pain-score at discharge from postoperative ward.
Intervals: 0 = no pain, 1 = light pain (equivalent to NRS 1-3), 2 = moderate pain (equivalent to NRS 4-6), 3 = severe pain (equivalent to NRS 7-10).
Rescue antiemetic treatment in postoperative ward.
Antiemetic drugs and doses registered.
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