Investigation of Catastrophizing of Pain Reported by Parents in JIA Patients

Pain Catastrophizing Scale-Parent (PCS-P)

It is assessed using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (always) and consists of 13 items. Similar to the child questionnaire, it assesses 3 domains: rumination, magnification, and helplessness. A total score between 0 and 52 is obtained; higher scores reflect a higher level of catastrophizing in parents.

Pain Catastrophizing Scale-Children (PCS-C)

Consists of 13 items that describe the different thoughts and feelings children may experience when they feel pain. The questionnaire measures three domains: rumination, magnification, and helplessness. All items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (always). Higher scores indicate more catastrophic pain beliefs. The total score ranges from 0 to 52.

Juvenile Arthritis Biopsychosocial Scale-JAB-Q-Patient

It is a patient/parent-centered measurement method that helps assess the patient's biopsychosocial aspects, such as disease activity, posture, functional and psychosocial status, fatigue, and school performance. The results from the questions are used to assess the functional status of children, while their psychosocial status is recorded based on their answers to 21 questions (ranging from 0 to 358). A high score indicates a poor psychosocial status.

Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ)

The CHAQ assesses the functional abilities of children diagnosed with rheumatic diseases in their daily living activities. It consists of eight subscales (dressing and personal care, standing up, eating, walking, body care, reaching, grasping, activities) (0-3) and also assesses pain and general well-being using a visual analog scale (0-100). A high score indicates low functionality.

Juvenile Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JAQQ)

It consists of 74 items covering various health domains, including physical functioning, emotional well-being, and general symptoms. The items are divided into four dimensions related to the child's quality of life: gross motor function (GMF), fine motor function (FMF), psychosocial function (PF), and systemic or general symptoms (SGS). Each domain is scored on a Likert-type scale from 1 to 7; higher scores indicate poorer health-related quality of life. There is also a "not applicable to me" option for the items. The scale also includes a pain measurement (10 cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS)) to assess pain, but this score is not included in the total score.

Juvenile Arthritis Biopsychosocial Scale-JAB-Q-Family

JAB-Q is a multidimensional questionnaire and a parent (family) form. Developed in Turkish by Ünal and colleagues, the questionnaire is completed by one of the child's parents. The family form evaluates the parents' biopsychosocial status from their own perspective and provides scores ranging from 0 to 102. Higher scores indicate a worse biopsychosocial status.