Marmet and Oxytocin Massage for Breast Milk Increase
ConditionHealhty
Trial statusRecruiting
Trial phaseNot applicable
Trial typeInterventional
Biological sexFemale
Age18-35
SponsorEge University
About this trial
This study is designed as a randomized controlled single-blind experimental study to examine the effectiveness of the oxytocin massage and Marmet technique applied to mothers who have undergone cesarean section on breast milk quantity and maternal state anxiety levels. The hypotheses of the study are as follows:
H0.1. There is no difference in the amount of breast milk among mothers in the Marmet technique, oxytocin massage, and control (placebo) groups.
H1.1. There is a difference in the amount of breast milk among mothers in the Marmet technique, oxytocin massage, and control (placebo) groups.
H0.2. There is no difference in the state anxiety scale scores among mothers in the Marmet technique, oxytocin massage, and control (placebo) groups.
H1.2. There is a difference in the state anxiety scale scores among mothers in the Marmet technique, oxytocin massage, and control (placebo) groups.
Participants:
Marmet technique, oxytocin massage, and control (placebo) groups will be informed about the study and asked to provide their consent. Participants will complete the descriptive questionnaire. Colostrum status will be checked and marked as "present" or "absent" on the "Breast Milk, Vital Signs, and Pain Level Form." Under researcher supervision, the mother will breastfeed her baby. Afterward, the State Anxiety Inventory will be administered.
Two hours later, mothers will express milk using a hospital-grade pump, with 15 minutes on each breast (total 30 minutes). Milk volume, vital signs, pain levels, and milk flow rate will be recorded on the relevant form. Following this, mothers in the Marmet group will receive 10 minutes of the Marmet technique, mothers in the oxytocin group will receive 5 minutes of oxytocin massage, and mothers in the control group will receive 5 minutes of light touch on their wrists and shoulders. Immediately after, milk expression will again be performed with 15 minutes per breast (30 minutes total). The State Anxiety Inventory will be re-administered, and milk amount, vital signs, pain levels, and flow rate will be recorded again.
All mothers will express milk using a hospital-grade breast pump, and the expression duration is standardized as 15 minutes per breast (30 minutes total) based on the literature. Two expressions will be performed - one before and one immediately after the intervention. Expressed milk will not be discarded and will instead be used to feed the babies via spoon or syringe under the researcher's supervision.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
Aged between 18-35 years
Literate
Fluent in Turkish
Volunteering to participate in the study
Disqualifiers
Are under 18 or over 35 years old
Are multiparous (have given birth before)
Are encountered more than 2 hours postpartum
Received general anesthesia
Trial design
Design model
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Marmet Technique
Other interventionOne of the traditional and natural efforts mothers can make to facilitate breast milk production postpartum is the Marmet technique. This technique embraces the principles of massage and stimulation of the milk ejection reflex (Widiastuti et al., 2015; Hairunisyah \& Kusumawaty, 2022). Furthermore, this technique provides a relaxing effect, reactivating the milk ejection reflex, which in turn stimulates spontaneous milk flow (Yuliani et al., 2015). In other words, the Marmet technique is a combination of expressing milk and massaging the breast by emptying the lactiferous sinuses located under the areola. The Marmet technique stimulates prolactin secretion and helps maximize the milk ejection reflex. The more milk that is withdrawn or emptied from the breast, the greater the milk production (Widiastuti et al., 2015).
Oxytocin Massage
Other interventionOxytocin massage is a type of massage performed to increase breast milk production. The massage is applied to the sides of the spine and the fifth to sixth ribs, and it stimulates the prolactin and oxytocin hormones after birth (Kosova et al., 2016). This massage serves to increase the oxytocin hormone, which can calm the mother, leading to an automatic flow of breast milk (Kilci \& Sevil, 2021). Research conducted by Azizah and Ambarika (2022) shows that a combination of the Marmet technique and oxytocin massage can increase breast milk production. Massaging or stimulating the spine sends a message to the hypothalamus in the posterior pituitary by directly stimulating the medulla oblongata via neurotransmitters to release oxytocin, which then causes milk secretion from the breasts (Lestari \& Linar, 2024).
Plasebo
Other interventionNo intervention will be made to the participants in this group. Superficial touch will be performed on women's wrists, elbows, and shoulders.
Treatment groups
123 Participants
are divided into 3 treatment groupsGroup A: ARM1 (Marmet)Active comparator 1 intervention
Group B: ARM2 (Oxct.)Active comparator 1 intervention
Group C: ARM3 (Plasebo)Placebo comparator 1 intervention
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
1
Breast milk volume
It's the amount of milk measured before and after the procedures applied to the mother.
Time frame
up to 4 monthsSecondary outcomes
1
State Anxiety Scale Score
Participants' state anxiety levels will be measured before and after the intervention using the State Anxiety Scale. The minimum possible score on the State Anxiety Scale is 20, and the maximum is 80. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety.
Time frame
up to 4 monthsSponsors and contacts
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Source ClinicalTrials.gov