Mindfulness-based Relapse Prevention for Peer Workers

Change from baseline in biologically verified substance use at 1, 3, and 6 months as measured by Saliva Drug Assays

Saliva drug assays detecting the presence or absence of commonly used substances. Results are reported as positive or negative for each substance tested, with negative results indicating a better outcome.

Change from baseline in self-reported substance use days at 1, 3, and 6 months as measured by the Timeline Follow-Back (TLFB)

A calendar-based interview assessing daily substance use over a specified recall period. Outcomes are reported as the number of days of substance use during the assessment period, with fewer days indicating a better outcome.

Change from baseline in relapse warning Signs at 1, 3, and 6 months as measured by the Advance Warning of Relapse (AWARE) Questionnaire

A 28-item; 7-point Likert-type scale assessing warning signs associated with relapse risk. Total scores range from 28 to 196, with higher scores indicating greater relapse risk (worse outcome).

Change from baseline in professional quality of life at 1, 3, and 6 months as measured by the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL)

A 30-item; 5-point Likert-type scale assessing professional quality of life across three 10-item subscales: Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Secondary Traumatic Stress. Each subscale score ranges from 10 to 50. Higher Compassion Satisfaction scores indicate a better outcome, whereas higher Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress scores indicate worse outcomes.

Change from baseline in the coping score assessed by the Brief-COPE measure at 6 months

A 28-item; 4-point Likert-type scale assessing coping strategies. The Brief COPE consists of 14 two-item subscales, each ranging from 2 to 8, with higher scores indicating greater use of that specific coping strategy. There is no overall total score.

Change from baseline in total score of emotion regulation assessed by the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) measure at 6 months

A 36-item; 5-point Likert-type scale assessing difficulties with emotion regulation. Total scores range from 36 to 180, with higher scores indicating greater difficulties in emotion regulation (worse outcome).

Change from baseline in total score of perceived stress assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) measure at 6 months

A 10-item; 5-point Likert-type scale assessing perceived stress. Total scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress (worse outcome).

Change from baseline in total score of trait mindfulness assessed by the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-15) measure at 6 months

A 15-item; 5-point Likert-type scale assessing trait mindfulness. Total scores range from 15 to 75, with higher scores indicating greater mindfulness (better outcome).

Change from baseline in mean score of mental health assessed by the Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale (BASIS-24) measure at 6 months

A 24-item; 5-point Likert-type scale assessing mental health symptoms and functioning. Total scores range from 0 to 4 (calculated as the mean of completed items), with higher scores indicating greater psychiatric symptoms and functional difficulties (worse outcome).

Change from baseline in mean score of recovery capital assessed by the Multidimensional Inventory of Recovery Capital (MIRC) measure at 6 months

A 28-item; 4-point Likert-type scale assessing recovery capital across multiple domains. Total scores range from 28 to 112, with higher scores indicating greater recovery capital (better outcome).

Change from baseline in mean score of work engagement assessed by the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) measure at 6 months

A 9-item; 7-point Likert-type scale assessing work engagement. Total scores range from 0 to 54 (or a mean score ranging from 0 to 6), with higher scores indicating greater work engagement (better outcome).