This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of left bundle branch area pacing combined with atrioventricular node ablation and pharmacologic treatment optimized according to guidelines in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation refractory or intolerant to drug therapy or catheter ablation.
Permanent atrial fibrillation
Age ≥ 65 years
Refractory or intolerant to antiarrhythmic drugs, rate control medications, or catheter ablation
New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II- IV
Asymptomatic atrial fibrillation
Life expectancy to < 12 months.
Primary moderate to severe valvular disease (except for functional mitral valve regurgitation or tricuspid valve regurgitation)
Mechanical tricuspid valve replacement