It is intended to examine the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) for the bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterms. Participants will received continuous infusion IVIG 1 g/kg/day for the first 2 days, 0.5 g/kg/day for next 3 days (total does 3.5 g/kg), repeatable if necessary.
Gestational age between 25 weeks and 29 weeks + 6 days
Admission within 24 hours after birth.
Clinical symptoms and chest X-ray results show a highly suspicion of BPD （Clinical symptoms and chest X-ray changes of BPD）.Clinical symptoms develop in several days or weeks after birth, including respiratory symptoms and signs such as shortness of breath, cyanosis or pulmonary rales, intermittent hypoxic attacks, and chronic oxygen dependence (increased oxygen concentration and assisted ventilation) .One of the following signs present in chest X-ray: lung texture thickening or ground glass opacity in early stage, diffuse lung texture blurred, lung hyperinflation, shadow of linear density increased, and shadow of triangular density increased under the pleura.
A normal full-term newborn without a history of severe lung diseases, birth asphyxia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy or other conditions that may affect the development of the respiratory, nervous and other systems.
Major congenital anomalies(e.g., congenital heart disease, congenital craniocerebral deformity, congenital structural abnormality of respiratory system, congenital hereditary metabolic disease)
Chromosomal defects (e.g., trisomy 13, 18, 21)
Severe intracranial hemorrhage
Multiple organ failure
Single group
intravenous immunoglobulin
Drug1 g/kg/day for the first 2 days, 0.5 g/kg/day for next 3 days (total does 3.5 g/kg), repeatable if necessary.
Diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and severity of the condition at 36 weeks of PMA
According to the diagnosis criteria published by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in 2018, a premature infant (\<32 weeks'gestational age) with BPD has persistent parenchymal lung disease, radiographic confirmation of parenchymal lung disease, and at 36 weeks PMA requires 1 of the following FiO2 ranges/oxygen levels/O2 concentrations for ≥3 consecutive days to maintain arterial oxygen saturation in the 90%-95% range. (We have rephrased the title and description to better recapitulate the original intent of the IRB-approved protocol)
duration of respiratory support
Defined as cumulative days on assisted ventilation, support with oxygen, or both
Preterm birth complications
Complications of preterm birth include retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and septicemia et.al.
Neurodevelopmental assessment
Neurodevelopmental testing (e.g., Denver Developmental Screening Test)
Pulmonary function testing
Normal/Abnormal. Pulmonary function testing includes the following parameters: Breathing Frequency (BF), Inspiratory Time (TI)/ Expiratory Time Ratio (TE), Tidal Volume (VT), Time to Peak Tidal Expiratory Flow (TPTEF), Volume to Peak Tidal Expiratory Flow (VPTEF), etc. The determination of abnormal lung function in infants is primarily relies on the analysis of TPTEF/TE and VPTEF/VE ratios, the shape of the TBFV (Tidal Breathing Flow-Volume) loop, and the integration of clinical presentation.
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