About this trial
This prospective randomized controlled multicenter study will be conducted to evaluate the effects of pre-emptive IV lidocaine dose on the incidence and severity of intraoperative headache that may occur after the extra-abdominal manual uterine fundal pressure in patients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Aged ≥ 18 years
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status II
Scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia
Disqualifiers
Patients declined to participate in the trial,
Patients with history of any type of headache, mental illness, or cerebrovascular diseases
Previous epidural insertion for painless labor or any other indications;
Patients on opioid or analgesic medications;
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Lidocaine IV
DrugIV lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg (diluted with 0.9% isotonic saline to a total volume of 10 ml) over 5 minutes with the start of skin incision after ensuring negative baseline headache.
Saline 0.9%
Other interventionIV 10 ml isotonic saline over 5 minutes with the start of skin incision after ensuring negative baseline headache.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Incidence of intraoperative headache
The incidence of intraoperative headache that may occur after fundal pressure application until the end of surgery will be recorded.
Secondary outcomes
Severity of intraoperative headache
The numerical rating scale (NRS) scores which is a 11-point scale ranging from 0= no pain to 10= most severe pain will be used to evaluate the severity of headache.
The changes in optic nerve sheath diameter
Optic nerve sheath diameter will be assessed by ultrasound before spinal block, at skin incision, after fetal delivery, and at the end of surgery.
Incidence of shoulder pain
The incidence of shoulder pain that may occur intraoperatively and up to 24 hours after surgery will be recorded by asking the patients if they have any pain in their shoulder area. The numerical rating scale (NRS) scores which is a 11-point scale ranging from 0= no pain to 10= most severe pain will be used to evaluate the severity of shoulder pain.
Neonatal Apgar (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration) scores
Neonatal Apgar scores which include five signs (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration) will be recorded at 1 min and 5 minutes after delivery. Each sign has a score of 0, 1, 2 with a total score of 10. Scores more than 6 indicate normal good health.
Sponsors and contacts
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