PILI 'Āina Household

Diet Quality

To measure diet quality, research staff will collect participants' 24-hour dietary recall by using the Modified 3-Pass Method. They will record diet information, and analysis will be performed by the Pacific Tracker (PacTrac) Program, 4th edition, developed at the University of Hawaii Cancer Center to analyze diets common in Hawai'i. It generates a "healthy eating index" (from 0 = least healthy to 100 = healthiest) shown to have good validity and reliability. Continuous values of the overall score will constitute our primary outcome, but the investigators will also evaluate scores for subscales (diet adequacy, moderation). The investigators will also assess diet quality and patterns by comparing servings consumed for each food group (vegetables, fruits, grains, dairy, and protein) to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) dietary guidelines.

Weight

The investigators will measure weight (with clothing but without shoes) to the nearest 0.1 kilograms on an electric digital scale (Tanita model BSB800AS, Tokyo, Japan). Scales will be calibrated monthly.

Height

The investigators will use a portable stadiometer (SECA Road Rod) to record the average of 2 measurements of height to the nearest 0.1 cm. Scales will be calibrated monthly.

Blood pressure

Blood pressure will be collected with a mercury sphygmomanometer or with a portable automatic blood pressure device (Omron©HEM-907XL, Omron Healthcare) previously used with Native Hawaiians (NHs) to capture changes in blood pressure over time reliably. For both methods, study staff will be trained and certified with standard protocols that involve taking 3 measurements and using the last 2 to obtain each participant's average systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured as continuous mm Hg and binary hypertension indicators (≥ 130 systolic or ≥ 80 mm Hg diastolic).

Food Insecurity

Food insecurity will be measured by the 10-item Household Food Security Survey Module, which captures the qualitative and quantitative dimensions of household food supply, including psychological and behavioral responses of household members, and generates a binary indicator of food insecurity at the household level. The responses and scores range from 1-often true, 2-sometimes true, 3-never true. Higher scores indicate low food insecurity.

Food literacy

Food literacy, defined as the ability to make healthy food choices in different settings and situations, will be assessed by the 11-item self-perceived food literacy scale, which encompasses knowledge, skills, and behaviors pertinent to planning, selecting, preparing, and eating healthy food. The responses and scores range from 1-not at all/never, 2-disagree, 3-slightly disagree, 4- slightly agree, 5-yes/always. Higher scores indicate greater food literacy.

Nutrition Environment

The perceived 9-item nutrition environment will be measured by the Gustafson Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures questionnaire, which examines perceived access and availability of healthy foods within \~1 mile of the participant's home, and the availability and affordability of produce in the participant's primary food store. The responses and scores vary depending on the question including 0- disagree, 1-agree, and 0-not important, 1-slightly important, 2-moderately important, 3- important, 4-very important. Higher scores indicate higher perceived access and availability of food.

Household food patterns

Household food patterns will be measured by 4 questions that assess the frequency of meal planning, eating meals with household members, bringing prepared restaurant foods home, and preparing meals with household members. The responses and scores range from 1- 1 day, 2- 2-3 days, 3- 4-5 days, 4- 6 days, 5- 7 days. Higher scores indicate greater household food patterns.

Demographic Data- Date of Birth

Date of birth: * Month * Day * Year

Demographic Data- Biological Sex

Biological Sex: * Female * Male

Demographic Data- Marital status

Marital Status: * Never married * Currently married * Divorced or separated * Widow/widower * Domestic partnership/other

Demographic Data- Employment

Employment: * Full time * Part-time * Unemployed * Self-employed * Retired * Unable to work/other * Household caretaker