Overweight and Obesity

The goal of this study is to see if adding hands-on cooking classes to a weight management program (called Chef-ID) helps young adults with intellectual disabilities lose more weight and keep it off compared to a standard weight loss program. The study will last 24 months and include three phases: 6 months of active support, 12 months of maintenance, and 6 months with no contact. The investigators will look at how much weight participants lose over the first 18 months. Changes in cooking skills, body fat, health markers (like blood pressure and cholesterol), daily living skills, and caregiver stress will be tracked. Finally, factors that might help or prevent weight loss, and how changes in weight and body fat are linked to overall health will be explored. This research will help inform on how to better support healthy lifestyles for people with intellectual disabilities.

Cardiovascular disease risk factors, including higher BMIs and poor cholesterol profiles, are on the rise and contribute to the United States' growing disease burden. The bioactive compounds contained in tree nuts have been shown to beneficially affect cardiometabolic health outcomes. Pecans contain more total phenols, sterols, and flavonoids than any other tree nut. They also are a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fiber, vitamin A, vitamin E, folic acid, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc. These bioactive components in pecans are likely the reason for the previously documented improvements in cardiometabolic health. This study aims to examine the impact of a low dose of pecans on changes in fasting and postprandial lipid metabolism/blood lipids and markers of chronic disease risk. The specific aims of this study are to: * Examine the effect of pecan consumption at a dose of 6% of total energy needs for 12 weeks on fasting and postprandial blood lipids. * Examine the effect of pecan consumption at a dose of 6% of total energy needs for 12 weeks on other markers of chronic disease risk. Participants will be asked to: * Consume pecans daily for 12 weeks or maintain their current habitual diet. * Attend two short visits at 4 and 8 weeks for fasting blood draws, body measurements, and to collect their next 4 weeks' supply of study materials. * Attend two longer (5 h) testing visits, which include eating a standard breakfast meal and having their blood drawn periodically before and after breakfast. Researchers will compare the Pecan and Control groups to examine the physiologic effects of incorporating a low dose of pecans into one's diet.

This study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III clinical study aimed at evaluating the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of DA-302168S tablets in overweight or obese participants in China.

The overall goal is to determine how a sleep extension intervention (increasing time in bed) in individuals who maintain less than 6.5 hours sleep per night affects their plasma ceramides and insulin sensitivity. Participants will undergo a randomized controlled trial, with sleep extension (intervention) and healthy lifestyle (control) groups. The sleep extension is designed to increase participant's time in bed by 2 hours per night. Alternatively, the control group will receive basic health information (e.g., physical activity, goal setting, and nutrition when eating out).

The overall goal is to examine the efficacy of a circadian intervention in people with overweight and obesity and habitual short sleep duration (HSSD). Participants will undergo a randomized controlled trial, with circadian intervention and control (healthy lifestyle) groups. The circadian intervention is designed to reduce nighttime light exposure and after-dinner snack food intake. Alternatively, the control group will receive basic health information (e.g., physical activity, goal setting, and nutrition when eating out).

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was designed to test whether two doses of hesperidin (a natural flavonoid from citrus fruits) improve cognitive function in overweight and obese older adults. A total of 105 participants, aged 55-75 years with a BMI ≥24 kg/m² or elevated waist circumference, will be randomly assigned to one of three 10-week treatments: placebo, low-dose hesperidin (300 mg/day), or high-dose hesperidin (600 mg/day). The primary aim is to see if hesperidin supplementation enhances cognitive performance - specifically executive function, memory, and attention - and to explore any dose-response relationship. Secondary aims include examining changes in gut microbiota composition and related metabolites, as well as exploring potential mechanisms behind any observed effects. The findings are expected to provide scientific evidence on whether hesperidin could serve as a nutritional strategy to support cognitive health in this population.

The aim of this trial is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of HRS9531 injection compared with placebo in adolescents with obesity

A Phase 1, double-blind, randomized study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of single dose and multiple doses of CG-0416 in healthy participants. HongKong Curegene Innovation Co. Limited is developing the study drug CG-0416 as a potential new treatment for overweight and obesity. The purpose of this research is to investigate the safety, tolerability (if any side effects occur), pharmacokinetics (the amount of study drug or any of its breakdown products in your body) and pharmacodynamics (how the study drug affects your body), of single and multiple oral doses of a study drug called CG-0416.

The investigators will conduct a Type I hybrid effectiveness-implementation study to test an integrated telehealth intervention among 400 overweight and obese patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The investigators will include eligible participants receiving primary care at one of five Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers and their community-based outpatient clinics. The investigators will randomize patients in a 1:1 ratio to the multi-component intervention or "enhanced" usual care, stratifying by age (≥65 vs. \< 65) and site. Participants randomized to the intervention will receive an integrated, telehealth-delivered intervention composed of a self-directed lifestyle program and supervised pulmonary rehabilitation. At the end of 3 months, the investigators will offer to enter a recommendation for weight management medications on behalf of eligible intervention participants. In the post-core period (months 4-12), participants will continue to have as-needed access to the lifestyle coach. For participants randomized to the "enhanced" usual care group, study staff will prompt the patient's primary care provider to refer them to existing weight loss management and pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Follow-up will occur at virtual visits at 3 and 12 months. The primary effectiveness outcome at 1-year is quality of life measured by the SF-12 Physical Component Summary Score. Secondary effectiveness outcomes will include other measures of quality of life (including sleep related impairment), sleep disturbance, disease severity (COPD exacerbations and respiratory event index for OSA), depression, social support, weight loss and cardiovascular risk. In addition to assessing effectiveness, investigators will also conduct a concurrent implementation process evaluation using the RE-AIM framework.

This single-center randomized controlled trial evaluates whether donor-derived fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) administered within 6 hours after birth can improve gut microbiota development and reduce the risk of immune-mediated and metabolic diseases in infants born by elective cesarean delivery. Newborns are randomized 1:1 to receive either donor-derived FMT or standard postnatal care. Participants are followed through 36 months of age with stool samples, questionnaires, growth assessments, and health data collection, with registry-based follow-up continuing until 10 years of age.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about cardiovascular disease risk among adolescent girls with overweight/obesity. The main questions this trial aims to answer are: 1. Does an acceptance-based healthy lifestyle intervention demonstrate more weight loss than a health education intervention? 2. Does an acceptance-based healthy lifestyle intervention show more improvements in participants' physiological, health-related, and psychological factors compared to a health education intervention? Participants in this trial will: 1. Engage in treatment for 6-months, comprising of a mixture of in-person and remote group sessions, occurring at Drexel University or over a video-conferencing platform. 2. Complete various assessments. These include self-reported questionnaires, measures of weight, height, body composition, blood pressure, and blood lipids, and wearing of smart watches to measure sleep and physical activity. Researchers will compare the acceptance-based and health education intervention groups to see if the acceptance-based treatment will indeed be effective in improving participants' health outcomes.

The researchers will conduct 'Taxi ROADmAP (Realizing Optimization Around Diet And Physical activity)', which also utilizes MOST, and the same 4 obesity intervention components as in SANOS, but targets the overweight/obesity crisis in another at-risk, low socioeconomic status (SES) population, taxi and for-hire vehicle (FHV) drivers (Lyft, Uber, etc.). ROADMAP also utilizes an effectiveness- implementation hybrid type 1 design. Hybrid trials, which blend effectiveness and implementation studies, can lead to more rapid translational uptake and more effective implementation. Taxi and FHV drivers are a growing, multilingual, hard-to-reach, predominantly immigrant and minority essential worker population. There are over 750,000 licensed taxi and FHV drivers in in the U.S. and over 185,000 in New York City (NYC). They have higher rates of overweight/obese range body mass index (BMI) than New Yorkers in general (77% vs 56%) and have high rates of elevated waist circumference, sedentary behavior, poor diets, and health care services underutilization. ROADmAP will test 4 evidence- and theory-based (Social Cognitive Theory \[SCT\]) behavior change intervention components. We will use MOST to identify which of the 4 components contribute most significantly and cost-effectively to weight loss among NYC drivers recruited at workplace health fairs (HFs) and virtually. Objectives are to apply MOST to design an optimized version of a scalable, lifestyle intervention for taxi/FHV drivers, and then to conduct a mixed methods multistakeholder process evaluation to facilitate widespread intervention implementation.

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare a healthy KETO diet supplemented with canola oil (KETO-Can) compared to a traditional KETO diet high in saturated fat (KETO-Sat) and low-fat diet (LFD) in adults at high risk of or diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The main question\[s\] it aims to answer are: * Effects on CVD risk factors (plasma cholesterol, TG, ApoB100, glucose, insulin and HbA1C). * Effects on systemic inflammation and immune function. * Adherence to interventions. Participants will be randomized into 1 of the dietary treatments during which they will follow a Keto or a low-fat diet. Comparisons among groups at 3 and 6 months of intervention will be conducted.

This study is being done to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a time-restricted eating intervention among postpartum women with overweight/obesity.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of obesity on cardiovascular responses during various breathing maneuvers.

This is a multicenter randomized clinical trial of 828 overweight and obese individuals with gestational diabetes designed to compare standard to intensive glycemic targets.

This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of mixed reality (MR)-based adaptations of functional mobility and performance tests developed using the Meta Quest 3 platform by comparing their outcomes with conventional clinical assessments. Virtual and mixed reality technologies have gained increasing attention in clinical measurement due to their potential advantages, including assessment standardization, enhanced user interaction, and automated data collection. Previous studies have demonstrated that virtual reality-based performance assessments can provide high reliability and show meaningful associations with traditional clinical measures across different populations. However, visual and vestibular stimuli, depth perception, and changes in movement strategies may cause performance in virtual environments to differ from performance in conventional settings. Therefore, the validity and reliability of each virtual or mixed reality adaptation should be established within the target population. Overweight and obese individuals exhibit biomechanical and physiological characteristics that may affect balance, gait mechanics, joint loading, and physical performance. Consequently, measurement properties established in other populations cannot be assumed to apply directly to overweight and obese individuals. In addition, factors related to head-mounted displays and motion-tracking systems may influence assessment outcomes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of mixed reality-based performance tests developed using the Meta Quest 3 platform. Measurement error parameters will also be determined to assess the clinical applicability of these MR-based assessments. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of safe, standardized, digital, and potentially remote assessment approaches for evaluating functional performance in overweight and obese individuals. Furthermore, the results may strengthen the scientific evidence supporting the use of digital assessment technologies in clinical practice.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of H42-HV integrated into home visiting compared with usual home visiting services in reducing postpartum weight retention (difference between pre-pregnancy weight and weight at 6 months postpartum) among pregnant and postpartum participants. The overall goal is to improve long-term cardiometabolic health.

To investigate the efficacy of weight management plus levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) or megestrol acetate (MA) in obese patients with endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) asking for conservative therapy.

The overall objective of this proposal is to conduct a longitudinal prospective study of overweight/obese (OW/OB) pregnant women and their offspring to determine which prenatal exercise mode will have the greatest impact on maternal and infant cardiometabolic health. This information may lead to clinical practice recommendations that improve childhood health. This randomized controlled trial will recruit 284 OW/OB pregnant women randomized to an exercise intervention (aerobic (AE), resistance (RE), or aerobic+resistance exercise (AERE)) or to no exercise; their infants will be measured at 1, 6, and 12 months of age. This design will test our central hypothesis that AERE and RE training during pregnancy will improve maternal and offspring cardiometabolic outcomes to a greater extent than AE alone. This hypothesis will be tested with two specific aims: Aim 1. Determine the influence of different exercise modes during OW/OB pregnancy on infant cardiometabolic health and growth trajectories. Hypothesis: AE, RE, and AERE by OW/OB pregnant women will improve offspring neuromotor and cardiometabolic measures at 1, 6, and 12 months postpartum (e.g. decreased %body fat, BMI z-score, heart rate \[HR\], non-HDL, and C-Reactive Protein (CRP); increased insulin sensitivity) compared to infants of OW/OB pregnant women that do not exercise; AERE and RE will have the greatest impact on improving infant measures. Aim 2. Determine the most effective exercise mode in OW/OB pregnancy on improving maternal cardiometabolic health outcomes. Hypothesis: AE, RE, and AERE by OW/OB pregnant women will improve both maternal cardiometabolic health measures (e.g. decreased BMI z-score, non-HDL, % body fat, HR, weight gain) across pregnancy (16-36 weeks' gestation) and overall pregnancy outcomes (e.g. lower incidence of gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, hypertension during gestation) compared to OW/OB pregnant women that do not exercise; AERE and RE will have the greatest impact on improving maternal health measures, with the AERE group having the highest compliance. The proposed study will be the first to provide an understanding of the influence of maternal exercise modes on the cardiometabolic health and growth trajectories of offspring who are at increased risk due to maternal OW/OB. This work will have a significant impact on reducing the cycle of OB, potentially providing the earliest and most efficacious intervention to decrease or prevent OB in the next generation.

The purpose of this study is to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ascending doses of WVE-007 when administered subcutaneously (SC) . Part A is a single ascending dose study in adults living with overweight and obesity. The Part B of the study is a repeat dose administration in two adult populations: Pre Type 2 diabetes (Pre T2D) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in adults who are affected by obesity.

The goal of this observational cohort study is to delineate the five-year dynamic trajectories of metabolic phenotypes in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes, focusing on transition rates from metabolically healthy overweight/obesity to unhealthy overweight/obesity or to type 2 diabetes, as well as the incidence and progression of diabetic complications and cardiovascular events in those with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity. Researchers will compare three phenotype groups, namely metabolically healthy overweight/obesity, metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity, and type 2 diabetes with overweight/obesity, to assess differences in metabolic parameter changes, complication rates, and cardiovascular risk. Participants will use a digital health management platform for data upload and lifestyle support, and will complete comprehensive health assessments at baseline, at 2.5 years, and at 5 years, along with annual light follow-ups.

This observational study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) and the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) in individuals with overweight or obesity. The study will assess their association with obesity status, metabolic complications, lifestyle patterns, dietary indices, and established inflammatory biomarkers. Participants will undergo anthropometric assessment, laboratory testing, dietary evaluation, and follow-up for response to different obesity treatment modalities over 3 years. The study intends to determine whether SII and SIRI can serve as clinically useful predictors of metabolic risk and treatment outcomes of obesity.

The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the abundance of a natural odour in human cerebrospinal fluid in obese and lean participants after inhalation thereof. Participants will undergo blood sample collection and inhalation of either a natural odour or placebo through an inhaler in addition to a liquor puncture prescribed in standard of care context.

The goal of this observational survey pilot study is to learn how 3D visualization tools (i.e., personalized avatars) influence weight loss goals, satisfaction, confidence, and commitment compared to numerical weight outcomes in weight loss-seeking adults. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. What are contemporary weight loss goals (defined as dream, happy, acceptable, and disappointing weight loss outcomes), and how do they compare to goals reported in prior studies? 2. Does presenting weight loss outcomes using personalized 3D avatars result in different levels of satisfaction compared to presenting equivalent outcomes numerically as body weight? 3. Do predictive 3D avatars affect participants' confidence and commitment to achieving weight loss differentially than numerical weight loss goals? Researchers will compare visual (3D avatar-based) weight loss outcomes to numerical (pounds lost) weight loss outcomes to see if visual presentation lowers satisfaction with potential weight loss and alters confidence and commitment. Participants will: * Complete a one-time online survey * Provide demographic and self-reported anthropometric information to generate personalized 3D avatars * Report weight loss goals and rate satisfaction with potential weight loss outcomes shown numerically and as 3D avatars. * Complete questionnaires assessing psychological and behavioral weight-related factors.