The aim of this research is to compare the effects of post-facilitation stretch and dry needling on hamstring flexibility, pain, lumbar range of motion, pelvic tilt, and functional status in patients with chronic low back pain. This randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Spine Care Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Centre (SPRC), Peshawar. The sample size will be 36 participants, who will be randomly divided into two groups: 18 participants in the post-facilitation stretch group and 18 participants in the dry needling group. The study duration will be 3 weeks, with interventions applied three times per week. The sampling technique used will be non-probability purposive sampling, followed by random allocation using the sealed opaque envelope method. Participants aged 20-50 years diagnosed with chronic nonspecific low back pain and having hamstring tightness will be included. Outcome measures used in the study will be Active Knee Extension Test (goniometer) for hamstring flexibility, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for pain, goniometer for lumbar flexion and extension, pelvic inclinometer for pelvic tilt, and Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI) for functional disability.
Diagnosed with chronic non-specific low back pain of more than 12 weeks' duration.
Positive Straight Leg Raise (SLR) test or Active Knee Extension Test showing hamstring tightness (<80° hip flexion with knee extended).
History of spinal surgery, fracture, or neurological deficit.
Radiculopathy or red flag signs (tumor, infection, inflammatory disorders).
Recent steroid injection therapy for low back pain (within 3 months).
Contraindications to dry needling (bleeding disorders, infection at site, needle phobia).