We will structure the study's summary to provide a clear and accessible overview for patients, families, and healthcare providers. The research will examine young adult cigarette smokers aged 18 to 24 to estimate the prevalence of a dysfunctional breathing-compatible symptom pattern using the Nijmegen Questionnaire. Furthermore, the study will assess how nicotine dependence severity-measured via the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-and physical activity levels-assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-relate to this symptom burden. We will recruit participants through social media announcements and conduct face-to-face evaluations at Istinye University. The project will employ hierarchical linear and binary logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index, to determine independent predictors of dysfunctional breathing. Ultimately, the findings will provide valuable insights into the combined impacts of smoking severity and physical activity on respiratory health in young adults.
Being between 18 and 24 years of age.
Reporting current cigarette smoking (daily or occasionally) at the time of assessment
Having a diagnosed personality disorder.
Having a substance use disorder.
Engaging in regular meditation or breathing exercises.
Having a chronic cardiovascular or pulmonary disease.
The study population will consist of young adult cigarette smokers aged 18 to 24 recruited through social media announcements, who will undergo face-to-face evaluation and eligibility assessments at a single center.
Other
Cross-sectional
Observational evaluation.
Other interventionThis study will not involve any experimental medical treatment or intervention. It will be an observational evaluation where participants will complete self-report instruments, including the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Nijmegen Questionnaire, along with a sociodemographic form during a single face-to-face session.
Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence
his instrument will assess the severity of nicotine dependence through six items evaluating daily cigarette consumption and smoking patterns.
Nijmegen Questionnaire
This questionnaire will assess the symptom burden of respiratory, neurovegetative, and neuromuscular features to identify a dysfunctional breathing-compatible symptom pattern.
International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form
This tool will evaluate the participant's physical activity levels over the previous week by recording the duration and frequency of walking and physical activities.
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