* Determine the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization among a group of children with type I diabetes millutes, its severity and treatment need via clinical examination of children with type I diabetes millutes . * Teeth will be cleaned gently using gauze and wet with saliva during examination. A disposable diagnostic set (mirror, probe) will be used for each patient where mirrors will be used for proper visualization especially for maxillary teeth. * Blunt explorers will be used to aid in tactile sensation if needed, as during the differentiation between rough and smooth enamel edges and/or during the inspection of the caries extent if it exists. No diagnostic radiographs will be taken. * The severity and treatment needs of each case with MIH will be recorded in patient's chart. * The results of the study will be regularly monitored by the supervisors who will have full access to these results.
Patient aged 8 to 14 years and diagnosed with types I diabetes milletus.
Eruption of all 4 first permanent molars.
Acceptance to participate.
Presence of orthodontic appliance.
Patient with any other type of enamel defect.
Patients with any other systemic conditions rather than types I diabetes milletus that may affect tooth development.
* This cross-sectional study will be carried out by recruiting a sample of participants previously diagnosed with types I diabetes milletus aged from( 8-14) accept to participate. * All permanent molars must be erupted as the diagnosis of molar incisor hypomineralization required at least one permanent molar involved . * The patient mustn't have any other medical conditions nor orthodontic appliance that may affect the enamel quality
Ecologic or community
Retrospective
Type I diabetes milletus
Other interventionthe exposure is type I diabetes milletus
prevalence of molar incisor Hypomineralization among among a group of children with type I diabetes milletus.
The prevalence will be measured according to the diagnostic criteria of molar incisor Hypomineralization established by European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Measuring unit: percentage
Severity of molar incisor Hypomineralization among among a group of children with type I diabetes milletus.
the severity will be measured according to:European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. Measuring unit: Categorical
Treatment need
The treatment need will be measured according to: treatment need index Measuring unit: Categorical l
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