Short Term Outcome of Acute Heart Failure in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients

Around 26 million people suffer from heart failure (HF) globally, and the prevalence is increasing with an increasing longevity, prevalence of risk factors, and improved survival in patients with cardiovascular diseases In Egypt, HF is the primary cause of hospitalization among patients aged \> 65 years . Hospitalization for HF is associated with a high mortality and rate of re-hospitalization . Around 75% patients with HF have ≥ 1 comorbidity, and these comorbidities make overall clinical outcomes worse . In a recent meta-analysis, patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) were suggested to have a two-fold increase in the risk of HF . DM is present in \~ 35% patients hospitalized with acute HF . Multiple factors such as ischemia, hypertension, and extracellular fluid volume expansion are involved in the pathogenesis of HF in DM.