The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether a structured combined exercise program can improve heart health, menopausal symptoms, sleep quality, and quality of life in postmenopausal women aged 45 to 65 years.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does the exercise program improve heart rate variability, which shows how well the heart is controlled by the nervous system? Does the exercise program lower menopausal symptoms? Does the exercise program improve sleep quality and quality of life?
Researchers will compare women who join the exercise program with women who continue their usual daily activities.
Participants in the exercise group will take part in a supervised exercise program for 12 weeks. They will exercise 2 days each week. Each session will last 45 minutes and will include warm-up, balance, strengthening, coordination, flexibility, and cool-down exercises.
Participants in the control group will continue their usual daily activities during the study.
Women in the postmenopausal period
Aged between 45 and 65 years
Able to communicate and cooperate with the researchers
Not participating in another structured exercise program
Presence of severe cardiovascular, neurological, orthopedic, or psychiatric disease
Hormone replacement therapy use during the study period
Cognitive impairment affecting participation
Uncontrolled hypertension or other unstable medical conditions
Parallel
Structured Combined Exercise Program
BehavioralThe intervention consists of a supervised 12-week structured combined exercise program performed twice weekly. Each 45-minute session includes warm-up, balance, strengthening, coordination, flexibility, and cool-down exercises.
Heart Rate Variability
Cardiac autonomic nervous system function will be assessed using heart rate variability parameters including standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency power (HF), and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio).
Menopause Rating Scale
Menopausal symptoms will be assessed using the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), an 11-item questionnaire evaluating somatic, psychological, and urogenital symptoms. Each item is scored from 0 (no symptoms) to 4 (very severe symptoms). Total scores range from 0 to 44, with higher scores indicating more severe menopausal symptoms.
Sleep Quality
Sleep quality will be assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a self-reported questionnaire with scores ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate poorer sleep quality.
Menopause-Specific Quality of Life
Menopause-specific quality of life will be assessed using the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL). The questionnaire assesses vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual domains. Item and domain scores range from 1 to 8, with higher scores indicating poorer menopause-specific quality of life.
Depressive Symptoms
Depressive symptoms will be assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF), a 15-item questionnaire with scores ranging from 0 to 15. Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.
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