The goal of this interventional study is to test the effectiveness of reading rehabilitation module towards reading speed and error, and quality of life in glaucoma patients.The main questions it aims to answer are:
1. Is there a significant difference in reading speed over a 6-month period between glaucoma patients who undergo a reading rehabilitation module and those who receive standard care? 2. To what extent does the implementation of a reading rehabilitation module reduce the frequency of reading errors in glaucoma patients compared to a control group across baseline, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups? 3. How does a structured reading rehabilitation module influence the self-reported quality of life in glaucoma patients from baseline to 6 months when compared to those receiving standard care?
Participants will:
Patients in interventional group will be instructed to practice the reading module for 20-30 minutes daily, minimum 3 days/week, for 6 months.
Visit the clinic once every 3 months for checkups and tests A logbook will be provided to record their practice sessions.
While participants in control group will receive standard care, visit the clinic once every 3 months for checkups and tests.
Age 18- 80 years old.
Confirmed diagnosis of bilateral Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG),Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG), Normotensive Glaucoma (NTG) and Juvenile Open Angle Glaucoma (JOAG).
Bilateral visual acuity of 6/60 and better.
Bilateral visual field defect more than 10degree from fixation.
Ocular diseases other than glaucoma (e.g., age-related macula degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, moderate to severe cataract).
Other comorbidities that affect memory (e.g., stroke, cognitive disorders).
Cognitive disorders (e.g., diagnosed dementia or cognitive impairment).
Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia.
Crossover
Reading Rehabilitation Module
Other interventionInterventional group will be practicing reading rehabilitation module
Change in Reading speed
Reading speed will be assessed using the Buari-Chen Malay Reading Chart at a 40 cm reading distance. Participants read a standardized paragraph aloud. Reading speed is calculated as: Reading Speed (wpm)= (Total words read correctly} / Total time in seconds) x 60.
Change in Reading error
Reading errors (omissions, substitutions, mispronunciations, or skipped words) will be recorded using the Buari-Chen Malay Reading Chart. The error rate is calculated as: Error Rate (%) = (Number of Errors / Total Words) x 100.
GlauQol-36 Questionnaire
Vision-related quality of life will be evaluated using the Glaucoma Quality of Life 36-item Questionnaire (GLAUQOL-36). The questionnaire covers 10 visual domains on a Likert scale. Individual item responses are aggregated and converted to a total standardized score ranging from 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate a better vision-related quality of life.
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