Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma

This study evaluates whether combining cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) with incisional goniotomy effectively lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) and reduces the need for glaucoma medications in patients with coexisting cataract and glaucoma. Conventional filtering surgeries, such as trabeculectomy, effectively reduce eye pressure but are often associated with bleb-related complications, hypotony, and intensive postoperative management. Goniotomy is an angle-based, conjunctival-sparing procedure that enhances natural aqueous outflow by incising the trabecular meshwork. When performed alongside phacoemulsification, cataract removal deepens the anterior chamber while goniotomy addresses outflow resistance without disrupting conjunctival tissue. The main goal of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety profile of combined phacoemulsification and goniotomy between two distinct glaucoma phenotypes: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Participants will: * Undergo standard clear corneal phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation combined with nasal incisional goniotomy under direct gonioscopic visualization. * Complete postoperative follow-up examinations at Day 1, Week 1, and Months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. * Be monitored for changes in intraocular pressure, total number of glaucoma medications required, visual acuity, and postoperative complications for a minimum duration of 6 months.

The goal of this interventional study is to test the effectiveness of reading rehabilitation module towards reading speed and error, and quality of life in glaucoma patients.The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Is there a significant difference in reading speed over a 6-month period between glaucoma patients who undergo a reading rehabilitation module and those who receive standard care? 2. To what extent does the implementation of a reading rehabilitation module reduce the frequency of reading errors in glaucoma patients compared to a control group across baseline, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups? 3. How does a structured reading rehabilitation module influence the self-reported quality of life in glaucoma patients from baseline to 6 months when compared to those receiving standard care? Participants will: Patients in interventional group will be instructed to practice the reading module for 20-30 minutes daily, minimum 3 days/week, for 6 months. Visit the clinic once every 3 months for checkups and tests A logbook will be provided to record their practice sessions. While participants in control group will receive standard care, visit the clinic once every 3 months for checkups and tests.

Primary angle-closure disease (PACD) is a major cause of vision loss, often treated with a combined surgery that removes the eye's natural lens (cataract surgery) and physically opens the eye's drainage system (goniosynechialysis). While effective, this surgery carries a small risk of a severe complication called ciliary block (or aqueous misdirection), where fluid builds up in the wrong part of the eye, pushing structures forward and causing high eye pressure. Recently, doctors have also noticed a "partial" form of this block, which can slowly cause the eye's drainage angle to close again without immediate severe symptoms. The purpose of this prospective, observational study is to identify which patients are at the highest risk for developing classic or partial ciliary block after this combined surgery. Researchers will use standard, non-invasive eye imaging tools-such as ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT)-to take highly detailed measurements of the front of the eye before surgery. They will specifically look at factors like the width of the anterior chamber, the thickness of the lens, and the eye's overall length. To ensure accuracy, patients with a very short eye length (less than 19mm) will not be included in the study. Because this is an observational study, participation will not change a patient's standard surgical plan. Patients will undergo their scheduled surgery and be monitored for 12 months during routine follow-up visits to track their eye pressure, vision, and any structural changes in the eye. By confirming which pre-surgery measurements predict ciliary block, researchers hope to validate a risk-warning model. This will help eye surgeons take preventive steps-such as administering specific medications like mannitol before surgery-to make the procedure safer and improve long-term outcomes for patients with PACD.

Compared with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients without zonular laxity and the control group, there are differentially expressed molecules in PACG patients with zonular laxity, and a potential mechanistic network can be constructed therefrom.

This study aims to investigate the role of the vitreous zonule (VZ) in the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and to explore the feasibility of three-dimensional ultrasound biomicroscopy (3D-UBM) for imaging the circumferential VZ. This prospective, observational study will enroll patients with primary angle-closure disease (PACD), including primary angle-closure suspect (PACS), primary angle-closure (PAC), and PACG, as well as healthy controls. All participants will undergo comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including gonioscopy, biometric measurements using IOLMaster, and UBM imaging. The study consists of three main components: (1) analysis of VZ morphology, location, number of visible quadrants, and anterior segment parameters across different age groups and axial length groups in healthy individuals, with comparisons to age-matched PACD patients; (2) development and validation of a 3D-UBM imaging system using a rotational scanning approach to reconstruct the spatial structure of the VZ; and (3) characterization of VZ features, including density and morphology, in normal eyes versus PACD eyes using 3D-UBM. The primary outcomes include the presence, quadrant count, and morphological characteristics (vitreous zonule-pars plana angle and maximum distance) of the VZ, as well as anterior segment parameters such as lens vault, anterior chamber depth, trabecular-iris angle, and angle opening distance. By elucidating age-related and axial length-related changes in the VZ and establishing 3D-UBM as a novel imaging modality for the posterior zonular apparatus, this study seeks to provide new evidence for the mechanistic role of the VZ in angle-closure glaucoma and to identify potential imaging biomarkers for early diagnosis and risk stratification.

This prospective randomized controlled trial, conducted by the Ophthalmology Department of Peking University People's Hospital, aims to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy and safety of two surgical regimens-phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation plus goniosynechialysis (PEI-GSL) and PEI-GSL combined with Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) ab interno goniotomy (PEI-GSL-KDB)-in 68 patients (34 eyes per group) with chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) complicated by age-related cataract. All surgeries are performed by senior glaucoma specialists, with a 1-year follow-up for outcomes assessment. The primary outcome is the 12-month IOP control success rate (IOP ≤21 mmHg with a ≥20% reduction from baseline, with or without topical hypotensive medications), and secondary outcomes include intra- and post-operative complications and changes in peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS). Statistical analyses will use t-tests, chi-square tests, etc., with P\<0.05 considered statistically significant. The study is scheduled from January 2024 to December 2025, and preliminary research has confirmed the safety and efficacy of combined glaucoma-cataract surgeries, laying a solid foundation for this trial.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis (Phaco-GSL) is as effective and safe as trabeculectomy in treating patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does Phaco-GSL provide similar or better intraocular pressure (IOP) control compared to trabeculectomy? * What are the rates of postoperative complications or adverse events between the two surgical approaches? * How do the two procedures compare in terms of visual acuity recovery and need for glaucoma medications? Researchers will compare Phaco-GSL to trabeculectomy to determine which procedure offers better overall outcomes for patients with angle-closure glaucoma. Participants will: Be randomly assigned to undergo either Phaco-GSL or trabeculectomy Attend scheduled follow-up visits at regular intervals (e.g., 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months) for eye exams and pressure checks

A multicenter, parallel, open, non-inferior randomized controlled trial is conducted to compare the effectiveness and safety of trabeculectomy and peripheral iridectomy plus goniotomy (TVG) in the treatment of advanced primary angle closure glaucoma with no or mild cataracts.