The Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Training in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Vitamin D Treatment

Change in Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA IR)

HOMA-IR index will be calculated by using formula (HOMA-IR=fasting glucose in mmol/l\*fasting insulin in μU/ml/22.5) to determine insulin resistance

Change in Homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β)

The HOMA-B index will be used to quantify the pancreatic beta cells function (HOMA-B360 x fasting insulin (μU/mL) / (fasting glucose (mg/dL) - 63)).

Change in serum levels of Hemoglobin A1c.

Serum levels of hemoglobin A1c will be tested in the laboratory from blood draws conducted at initial visit from a fasting blood sample.

Change in serum lipid profile

Total cholesterol and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels (mg/dL). Analysis ill be performed by the fully automatic Mindray BS380 using photometry-fixed time and point turbidimetry.

Sociodemographic data

Sociodemographic data (age, sex, ethnicity, occupation, employment status, education level, household income, alcohol intake, smoking status, current medications, family medical history, current medications taken) via questionnaire. Additionally, participants may be required to list answers to the questions e.g. list any current medications taken or age. This will all be measured in the baseline case report form.

Activity degree

To evaluate the degree of activity, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) will be administered to measure the physical activity, which through an interview assessing different items will allow to obtain the usual physical activity, being able to classify individuals in sedentary, moderate sedentary or active lifestyles. The IPAQ questionnaires quantifies the activity: "walk", "activities of moderate intensity" and "vigorous intensity activities" assigned to each activity about energy requirements defined in metabolic equivalent tasks (METs), being multiples of the rate of metabolic rate equivalent to kilocalories for a 60 kg.

Activity degree

To evaluate the degree of activity, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) will be administered to measure the physical activity, which through an interview assessing different items will allow to obtain the usual physical activity, being able to classify individuals in sedentary, moderate sedentary or active lifestyles. The IPAQ questionnaires quantifies the activity: "walk", "activities of moderate intensity" and "vigorous intensity activities" assigned to each activity about energy requirements defined in metabolic equivalent tasks (METs), being multiples of the rate of metabolic rate equivalent to kilocalories for a 60 kg.

Psychological Well-being

The psychological subjective welfare will be measured through the Psychological Well-being Index, which refers to happiness or well-being. A 42-item self-rating scale, which includes six dimensions: self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life and personal growth. The respondents are asked to indicate on a 6-likert scale the extent to which they agree with each statement. Each dimension may range from 7-42, with higher scores indicating greater psychological well-being.