The complexity of healthcare services and technological advances today have necessitated the adoption of innovative approaches in nursing education. Among these innovative approaches, artificial intelligence (AI) has established itself as a technology that is increasingly present in nursing education processes, offering a supportive, personalized, and interactive learning experience. AI's contributions to nursing students' acquisition of fundamental competencies such as clinical decision-making, skill development, and critical thinking are rapidly increasing. Especially in high-risk, invasive, and clinically skill-intensive applications, AI-supported educational models both enhance learning quality and support patient safety. Intramuscular and subcutaneous injections are among the basic invasive skills that nursing students must learn. These applications require a high level of cognitive and psychomotor competence from students. Incorrect injection practices can lead to complications such as drug absorption problems, nerve damage, hematoma, or infection, making it critically important to teach these skills correctly and safely. In this context, AI-supported education systems stand out as an effective tool for teaching injection skills. Artificial intelligence-based chatbots provide students with both theoretical knowledge and practical guidance. For example, before injecting a muscle group, a student can learn about the anatomy of the muscle, determine the correct angle, and remember precautions against potential complications through the chatbot. Artificial intelligence also reinforces the learning process by instantly answering students' questions, preventing the acquisition of incorrect information. Recent studies emphasize that AI-supported learning tools positively influence students' attitudes toward learning, increasing their motivation and academic satisfaction levels. Accordingly, the integration of AI-based technologies in the process of training future nurses is no longer an option but a necessity. Particularly in complex and delicate skills such as intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, AI-supported chatbots can facilitate student learning, increase skill accuracy, and support clinical safety. Therefore, it is crucial for nursing education programs to combine artificial intelligence technologies with pedagogical foundations to provide student-centered, safe, and effective learning environments.
Being a first-year nursing student,
Taking the Fundamentals of Nursing-I course for the first time,
Encountering the topic of intramuscular and subcutaneous injections for the first time,
Agreeing to participate in the research voluntarily and willingly,
Having previously taken the Fundamentals of Nursing-I course or having received formal training in injection techniques
Being unable to participate in theoretical or practical training during the research process
Being unable to continue interactions with the chatbot for technical reasons
Incomplete research data or being unable to complete the pre-test/post-test process .
Parallel
Training of IM and SC injection skills via Chatbot
DeviceThe chatbot software to be used in this study will operate through the API service of ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence language model developed by OpenAI. The chatbot will be designed to support nursing students' theoretical knowledge, reasoning, and practical skills in intramuscular and subcutaneous injection training. The chatbot will be specifically fed with scientific content, teaching materials, and documents provided by faculty members related to injection practices; consistent, educational, and structured interaction with users will be provided through a specially developed behavioral prompt based on this content. Thus, the chatbot will function not only as a system providing general information but also as a customized guide tailored to the educational objectives defined within the scope of the study. The software will be accessible at least twice a week during the training period, able to answer questions frequently encountered by students.
Objective Structured Clinical Examination score
The exam will be administered for psychomotor skill assessment. The Objective Structured Clinical Examination, an approach used to evaluate clinical skill performance, is a valid strategy used to assess students' readiness to perform the expected practices and skills at the required level during clinical practice. In this study, students will undergo one Objective Structured Clinical Examination each for subcutaneous and intramuscular injection ("Intramuscular Injection into the Ventrogluteal Region" and "Subcutaneous Injection into the Upper Arm Region"). Each application will be worth 50 points (Min.=0, Max.=50). Students will be considered successful if they receive a total score of 60 or above from the two procedures. Students will be considered insuccessful if they receive a total score of 40 or under from the two procedures.
Clinically Oriented Reasoning Exam score
The exam will be administered to assess clinical reasoning skills. This assessment method, designed to evaluate clinical reasoning and decision-making, is called the "Clinically Oriented Reasoning Exam." Clinically Oriented Reasoning Exam consists of scenarios based on problems that students may encounter in real clinical settings. Clinically Oriented Reason is an exam administered in stations containing written scenarios. The exam begins at the first station with the description of a clinically oriented written problem. The student is presented with alternative options to follow regarding this described problem. The student is asked to carefully examine the details and evaluate each of these options separately to reach a conclusion regarding their accuracy. The student has the right to choose more than one option at a station. Students can take scores Min.=0 and Max.=50. Total score of 50 is good in terms of clinically oriented reasoning of students.
Subcutaneous and Intramuscular Injection Theoretical Knowledge Pre-Test
The test, prepared with reference to the literature, consists of a total of 10 questions on subcutaneous (5 questions) and intramuscular (5 questions) injection techniques. Each question is worth 10 points, and students who score 60 points or above on the test will be considered successful. Expert opinions will be obtained from a total of 5 experts in the field of Nursing Fundamentals to ensure the suitability of the knowledge test.
Subcutaneous and Intramuscular Injection Theoretical Knowledge Post-Test
The test, prepared with reference to the literature, consists of a total of 10 questions on subcutaneous (5 questions) and intramuscular (5 questions) injection techniques. Each question is worth 10 points, and students who score 60 points or above on the test will be considered successful. Expert opinions will be obtained from a total of 5 experts in the field of Nursing Fundamentals to ensure the suitability of the knowledge test.
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