This is a prospective observational study. To investigate the effect of serum calcium levels on postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal surgery, and to determine whether changes in serum calcium levels are a risk factor for postoperative pain.
Aged 18-70 years old
American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification I-III
Patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia
Patients participate voluntarily and sign an informed consent form
Patients with a history of severe disease
Patients with chronic preoperative pain and/or long-term analgesic use
Patients with hearing disorders or verbal communication difficulties
Patients with psychiatric disorders or cognitive dysfunction
Patients who underwent elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia
Other
Prospective
Peripheral venous blood
Diagnostic testPeripheral venous blood was collected before and after the surgery to measure the total serum calcium levels.
Arterial blood
Diagnostic testArterial blood was collected before anesthesia induction and after removal of the artificial airway to measure ionized calcium levels.
The incidence of pain NRS score ≥6 within 48 hours after surgery
NRS score: pain was assessed using a 10-point NRS (range: 0-10, 0 and 10 indicate no pain and the most extreme pain imaginable, respectively）
The maximum incisional pain score at 0-12h postoperatively
NRS score: pain was assessed using a 10-point NRS (range: 0-10, 0 and 10 indicate no pain and the most extreme pain imaginable, respectively）
The maximum incisional pain score at 12-24h postoperatively
NRS score: pain was assessed using a 10-point NRS (range: 0-10, 0 and 10 indicate no pain and the most extreme pain imaginable, respectively）
The maximum incisional pain score at 24-48h postoperatively
NRS score: pain was assessed using a 10-point NRS (range: 0-10, 0 and 10 indicate no pain and the most extreme pain imaginable, respectively）
The maximum visceral pain score at 0-12h postoperatively
NRS score: pain was assessed using a 10-point NRS (range: 0-10, 0 and 10 indicate no pain and the most extreme pain imaginable, respectively）
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