In recent years, exercise programs based on visual stimuli have been reported to improve balance and motor control . However, studies investigating the effects of light-targeted balance training on balance, functional performance, and fear of falling in individuals with a history of falls are limited.
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of light-targeted balance training on balance, functional performance, and fear of falling in individuals with a history of falls. In addition, the study aims to investigate whether this training method provides additional benefits compared with traditional balance training. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of rehabilitation programs aimed at preventing falls.
History of at least one fall within the past 12 months
Age 18 years or older
Ability to walk independently or with an assistive device
Ability to understand and follow verbal and visual instructions
Acute orthopedic injury or an active musculoskeletal condition causing pain
History of lower extremity surgery within the past 6 months
Advanced neurological disorders (e.g., advanced Parkinson's disease, advanced dementia)
Severe vestibular dysfunction or significant visual impairment
Parallel
Light- Targeted Balance Training
BehavioralExercises aimed at improving coordination, balance, and functional performance using visual and auditory cues.
Standard Balance Training
BehavioralConventional balance training exercises.
Change in Balance Performance (Berg Balance Scale)
Balance performance is assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The scale consists of 14 functional tasks scored from 0 to 4. The total score ranges from 0 to 56, where higher scores indicate better balance and lower fall risk.
Change in Functional Mobility (Timed Up and Go Test - TUG)
Dynamic balance and mobility are assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The time (in seconds) taken to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk back, and sit down is recorded. Shorter completion times indicate better mobility.
Change in Dynamic Balance (Y-Balance Test)
Dynamic postural control is evaluated using the Y-Balance Test (YBT) in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach directions for both lower extremities. Reach distance is normalized to limb length ((reach distance / limb length) x 100) and composite scores are calculated.
Change in Lower Body Strength (30-Second Chair Stand Test)
Lower extremity functional muscle strength is measured using the 30-Second Chair Stand Test. The total number of full stands completed from a seated position in 30 seconds is recorded. A higher number of repetitions indicates greater lower body strength.
Change in Gait Speed (10-Meter Walk Test - 10MWT)
Walking speed is assessed using the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT). Participants walk a 10-meter course at their comfortable and/or fast walking pace, and the time taken (in seconds) to traverse the intermediate 6 meters is recorded to calculate gait speed (m/s).
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