Accidental Falls

In recent years, exercise programs based on visual stimuli have been reported to improve balance and motor control (Okubo et al., 2019; Sherrington et al., 2019). However, studies investigating the effects of light-targeted balance training on balance, functional performance, and fear of falling in individuals with a history of falls are limited. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of light-targeted balance training on balance, functional performance, and fear of falling in individuals with a history of falls. In addition, the study aims to investigate whether this training method provides additional benefits compared with traditional balance training. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of rehabilitation programs aimed at preventing falls.

This study investigates the effects of a 12-week Tai Chi intervention on balance function in community-dwelling older adults. Participants are randomly assigned to either a Tai Chi exercise group or a health education control group. The primary outcome is balance function measured by the Berg Balance Scale. Secondary outcomes include physical function, psychological well-being, cognitive function, and sleep quality. The study also explores the predictive and modifying roles of baseline circadian age on intervention outcomes.

The purpose of this study is to determine which of the following four service models is most effective for reducing fall risk among home-delivered meal clients: (1) meals alone, (2) meals + registered dietitian services, (3) meals + occupational therapy services, (4) meals + registered dietitian + occupational therapy services.

The goal of this intervention program is to test the effectiveness of pressure sensor based dementia and fall prevention program for improving cognitive and physical functions of community dwelling older adults. The main purposes of this study are: 1. Develop a pressure sensor based exercise mat and linked software programs to be used for group training sessions for cognitive and balance training of older adults at a community senior center. 2. Evaluate efficacy of the program to improve cognitive and physical functions of older adults via a pilot study and a main study with randomized control trial design. Older adults will be asked to participate in a group training session that was lead by a fitness coach using a pressure sensor mat, a standing monitor, and a linked software programs. They will be asked to stand on the mat, which is set in front of a monitor to show positions of the mat where they place their foots. The monitor screen will guide them to conduct either a balancing exercise for fall prevention or a cognitive exercise such as memory game or quiz game for dementia prevention. Researchers will compare age and gender matched control group in a main study to see if cognitive and balancing functions of intervention group is better than the control group by conducting pre and post surveys and physical examinations. A pilot study will examine pre-post changes in the intervention group without the control group.

Proximal femoral fractures are associated with increased mortality in older adults and may contribute to loss of functional independence, resulting in a higher risk of long-term institutionalization. The SIOT 2021 guidelines emphasize that management of older patients with proximal femoral fracture (FPF) requires a multidisciplinary approach, ideally integrated across all phases of care, including rehabilitation and secondary prevention at the community level, according to a continuity-of-care model that incorporates the implementation of Fracture Liaison Services. Multiple clinical, social, and environmental factors influence fall risk. Falls are also associated with psychological consequences. Age-related reductions in muscle strength contribute to progressive functional decline, increased morbidity and mortality related to falls, reduced quality of life, depression, and hospitalization. Sarcopenia is characterized by both quantitative and qualitative reductions in muscle tissue, including progressive replacement of contractile tissue with fibrous and adipose tissue. The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), in its updated consensus (EWGSOP2), identifies low muscle strength as the primary parameter of sarcopenia, accompanied by a significant and generalized reduction in muscle mass. A use-case model dedicated to patients with sarcopenia describes typical demographic and social characteristics, associated comorbidities, and specific care needs, with the aim of identifying the most appropriate management pathways. This study adopts a person-centered approach to design, validate, and implement an integrated strategy for fall prevention, taking into account the multiple determinants of fall risk and related adverse health outcomes.

The student will observe fall prevention systems in practice in 2 different hospitals considering how fall prevention technology influences staff behaviour and patients safety in the context of accidental falls in hospital. Accidental falls in hospital are rare but can be life changing for those that suffer them as they are often frail patients who are already vulnerable. Current research shows little improvement with any interventions tested which leaves patient facing clinicians with few resources to assist in the prevention of falls. The investigator believes this is because the measure of accidental falls in hospital is not sensitive enough to calibrate for the different contexts in which patients fall. The student would posit that it is the context that is most influential and addressing the context may lead to improved measures so progress can be made in finding solutions.

To determine the efficacy of a dual-task tai ji quan training therapy in reducing the incidence of falls in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

The present clinical trial aims to identify if skills acquired during aquatic exercise are more effectively transferred to a reactive balance task than land exercise. This study is designed as a double-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial. Forty-four older adults aged 60 years or above who meet the eligibility criteria will be recruited and randomized into an aquatic exercise group or land exercise group. Each group will participate in the same balance training exercise during a single session that includes a ball throwing and catching task. A modified lean-and-release test will be implemented on land immediately before, after, and one week after the training session. The outcomes will include reaction time, rapid response accuracy, and mini-BESTest scores obtained from stepping and grasping reactions.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about knee osteoarthritis, functionality, and risk of falls in community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older. The main questions it aims to answer are: * What are the characteristics of a community-dwelling population over 60 years and older in terms of knee osteoarthritis, functionality, and risk of falls? * Does an intervention with virtual reality lower knee osteoarthritis symptoms, raise functionality and prevent falls in community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older, compared to a control group receiving conventional physiotherapy treatment based on therapeutic exercise? Participants will: * Answer questionnaires. * Perform physical laboratory tests through a camera-based motion capture system. * Execute task-based exercises in a virtual environment through virtual reality. Researchers will compare community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older who execute task based exercises in a virtual environment through virtual reality and community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older receiving conventional physiotherapy treatment based on therapeutic exercise to see if virtual reality improves knee osteoarthritis symptoms, functionality, and lowers fall risk.

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a high-intensity functional exercise program with simultaneous cognitive challenge (HIFE+cog) among older people at risk of falls. The evaluation design and intervention development will be assessed with the following specific aims: 1. To investigate the acceptability and safety of the HIFE+cog program in older people at risk of falls, and the methods used in the study by evaluating recruitment, compliance with the intervention, severity of adverse events reported, and participant experiences. 2. To measure key outcome variables, including completion rates, missing data, estimates, variances, and 95% confidence intervals for between-group differences. The study is designed as a randomized controlled pilot trial. Eligible participants will be randomized to either the intervention group (HIFE+cog) or the active control group (HIFE) to partake in individually tailored exercise, supervised and progressed by a physiotherapist, two times per week for 3 months.

Falls in daily life are a serious risk for older adults. A new type of balance training, called reactive balance training (RBT) involves people losing balance many times so that they can practice fast balance reactions, like stepping reactions. Differences in training program features might explain differences in the results of previous RBT studies. Training intensity is the difficulty or challenge of the training program. It would be valuable to know if high-intensity RBT improves balance reactions quickly. The main goal of this study is to see if more intense RBT improves balance reactions faster than less intense RBT. The investigators will compare how quickly people improve balance reactions between high- and moderate-intensity RBT, and between RBT and a control program that does not include RBT. The investigators will also test if the improvements in balance reactions last after the training program is over. The secondary goals are to understand exactly how balance reactions improve with training, and to determine if people who complete RBT improve their general balance skills, and falls efficacy more than people who do not complete RBT.

A digital education for osteoporosis patients (DEOP) has been developed and tested on patients in Region Vastra Gotaland, Sweden. Currently, the evidence regarding the efficacy of patient education on fracture risk, medication adherence, injurious falls, levels of physical activity, and diet is insufficient. Most patients with osteoporosis in Sweden are diagnosed and treated in primary care, where the knowledge about osteoporosis is often very limited. Thus, in general, osteoporosis patients are not sufficiently informed before receiving a treatment recommendation. This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate if DEOP vs. standard care can reduce the incidence of fracture in older women and men, and if the intervention leads to better adherence to osteoporosis medication, higher quality of life, increased physical activity, and enhanced diet. The primary objective is to investigate if DEOP compared to standard care (without DEOP), can reduce the incidence of clinical fractures in men and women, over the age of 65 years, without previous osteoporosis medication the last year, who have been recommended osteoporosis treatment after a DXA scan and assessment of clinical risk factors at an osteoporosis clinic. The secondary objectives are to investigate if DEOP compared to standard care (without DEOP), can reduce the incidence of injurious falls, have positive effects on adherence to osteoporosis medication, positively affect diet (calcium and vitamin D intake), physical activity, and improve quality of life in men and women, over the age of 65 years, without previous osteoporosis medication the last year, who have been recommended osteoporosis treatment after a DXA scan and assessment of clinical risk factors at an osteoporosis clinic. Study design: randomized multicentre clinical trial. Patients over the age of 65 visiting an osteoporosis unit for a bone density scan (DXA) will be asked to participate in the study. The participants will be randomized to one of two arms where one arm will be invited to DEOP and the other arm will receive standard care, without DEOP.

This clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of three health education intervention modules in preventing falls among older adults living in the community. The study is designed as a factorial randomized controlled trial, assessing the impact of three health education intervention modules: Fall prevention knowledge education，Exercise education, and Home hazard reduction education. Each module will have a 'yes' and 'no' version, resulting in eight experimental conditions. The primary questions it seeks to address are: (1) What is the main effect of different health education intervention modules on preventing falls in older adults living in the community? (2)What is the interactive effect of different health education intervention modules on preventing falls in older adults living in the community? The trial will be conducted in twenty four sub-district in Baiyun District, Guangzhou City. An estimated 37 participants will be recruited from each of the 24 sub-districts, with the sub-districts being randomly assigned to one of the eight experimental groups by a statistician independent of the research team using computer-generated random numbers.

The safety integration stakeholders (saints) program to integrate worker and patient safety in Oregon rural hospitals. The rationale is that the saints program will positively impact outcomes by identifying and training peer leaders on strategies to optimize environmental, administrative, and educational components to become a saint and regularly collaborate with safety stakeholders/administrative leaders at each site through continuous improvement cycles (e.g. plan-do-study-act).