This study focuses on Beijing community residents aged 60 and above, aiming to understand how urinary function (like bladder or kidney function) and multiple health problems (such as high blood pressure, diabetes) affect each other as people age-since current studies often only look at single diseases and don't cover this group well. To join, participants need to be a 60+ Beijing community resident who can answer simple questions; those with serious mental illnesses or expected lifespan under 1 year can't take part. The study starts with a baseline check (asking about the participants' health, habits, doing blood/urine tests or urinary function assessments, and possibly collecting small blood/urine samples). After that, the investigators will follow up every 6-12 months (via phone or clinic to update health info) and repeat key checks yearly; people with lower cognitive ability will be checked every 3 months. The investigators will also record new illnesses, mobility issues (like falls), or death. The study has passed ethical review-participants will get clear info before joining, can quit anytime, and participants' data will stay private; participants will also get free health check reports and basic advice. For participants, this means regular health monitoring; for everyone, it'll help make tools to spot high-risk groups (like a community app), design better help (e.g., exercise plans), and push for yearly urinary health checks in communities.
Age ≥ 60 years
Permanent resident of the participating Beijing community
Able to cooperate with and complete study questionnaires and related procedures
Severe mental illness that impairs ability to cooperate with the study
End-stage disease (confirmed by clinical diagnosis)
Clinically assessed life expectancy < 1 year
The study population is derived from community-dwelling elderly residents in Beijing. Specifically, it includes individuals aged 60 years and older who live permanently in Beijing's communities (not in hospitals, nursing homes, or other institutional care settings) and are able to participate in routine health assessments and follow-ups. This population covers a broad age spectrum, ranging from young elderly (60-69 years) to super-elderly (90 years and older), and reflects the general health and living characteristics of Beijing's community-residing elderly group.
Cohort
Prospective
Not listed
Annual Incidence of Age-Related Multimorbidity Associated with Urinary Function
This outcome measures the incidence of newly developed chronic multimorbidities closely linked to age-related urinary function changes, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and Alzheimer's disease. Diagnosis is confirmed by clinical diagnostic criteria (e.g., diabetes mellitus defined as fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L; hypertension, a subtype of cardiovascular disease, defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg) combined with medical record review. It reflects the initial association between urinary function and systemic multimorbidity during the aging process. The unit of measurement is "incidence rate (%)".
Annual Progression Rate of Age-Related Multimorbidity Associated with Urinary Function
This outcome measures the proportion of participants with pre-existing multimorbidities (as specified above) who experience disease deterioration during follow-up. Progression is confirmed by clinical examinations and medical record review, including escalation of disease severity (e.g., progression from grade 1 to grade 2 hypertension) or occurrence of complications (e.g., diabetic nephropathy). It reflects the interactive worsening trend between urinary function and multimorbidity with aging. The unit of measurement is "progression rate (%)".
Annual Change in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)
This outcome assesses the annual change in the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) using the standardized IPSS scale (range: 0-35 points). A higher score indicates more severe symptoms such as frequent urination, urgent urination, and dysuria. Participants complete the questionnaire under the guidance of trained healthcare professionals, and data are directly extracted from the scale results. It is a key indicator reflecting core urinary function symptoms. The unit of measurement is "change in score (points)".
Annual Change in Maximum Urinary Flow Rate (Qmax)
This outcome measures the annual change in the maximum speed of urination, which directly reflects bladder contractile function and urinary tract patency. Qmax is measured using a uroflowmeter, with participants required to empty their bladders completely during the test; the device automatically records the maximum flow rate. The unit of measurement is "change in value (mL/s)".
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