This study evaluates the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce intraoperative anxiety and postoperative agitation in elderly patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty under regional anesthesia. Half of the patients will experience an immersive, calming nature-based VR environment during the surgery, while the control group will receive standard care.
Patients scheduled for elective cemented or uncemented hip arthroplasty under regional (spinal or epidural) anesthesia.
ASA physical status I-III.
Mentally capable of providing informed consent.
Pre-existing cognitive impairment or dementia (as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination).
Severe uncorrected visual or hearing impairments that prevent VR device tolerance.
Severe psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder).
General contraindications to regional anesthesia (e.g., localized back infection, severe coagulopathy).