Clinical trials

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effects of low-level light therapy on cellular energy and oxidative stress in healthy adults and patients with Type 1 diabetes. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does light therapy change adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and cytochrome c oxidase activity in blood cells? How does the intervention affect oxidative stress markers, specifically glutathione and malondialdehyde concentrations? Researchers will compare blood samples collected before the light therapy to those collected afterward to see if the intervention alters mitochondrial function. Researchers will also compare the responses of healthy volunteers to those of diabetic patients. Participants will: Provide a baseline blood sample. Receive red and near-infrared light exposure (660 nm and 850 nm) on their arms for 10 to 20 minutes using a therapy pad. Provide a final blood sample immediately after the light exposure.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if personalized natural sound therapy works better than standardized natural sound therapy for reducing procedural pain during negative pressure wound therapy dressing changes. The study will also assess whether personalized and standardized sound therapy differ in their effects on participants' anxiety and physiological responses during the dressing-change procedure. The main questions it aims to answer are * Does personalized natural sound therapy reduce procedural pain more effectively than standardized natural sound therapy during negative pressure wound therapy dressing changes? * Does personalized natural sound therapy reduce anxiety during the dressing-change procedure? Researchers will compare personalized natural sound therapy with standardized natural sound therapy to determine whether tailoring the sound intervention to each participant provides greater relief from procedural pain during negative pressure wound therapy dressing changes. Participants will: * Receive either personalized natural sound therapy or standardized natural sound therapy during their negative pressure wound therapy dressing change. * Listen to the assigned natural sounds throughout the dressing-change procedure. * Report their level of procedural pain using a validated pain assessment scale before, during, and/or after the dressing change. * Report their anxiety level using a validated anxiety assessment scale. * Complete the study assessments according to the scheduled dressing-change procedure.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most common hematologic malignancy, with over 80,500 estimated new cases diagnosed in the United States in 20231. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent subtype of NHL, accounting for 30%-40% of cases2. DLBCL is an aggressive malignancy with heterogeneous biology and behavior. Disease risk stratification and treatment planning involve various patient and clinical characteristics (e.g., age, stage, and tumor bulk), prognostic indices (e.g., International Prognostic Index (IPI) score), and gene expression profiling. Patients typically present with nodal or extranodal disease, usually exhibiting rapid tumor growth and symptoms that are highly dependent upon the tumor localization. The diagnosis and subtyping of DLBCL have significantly advanced, from morphological assessment of tissue slide to numerous ancillary tests, including immunophenotyping performed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), cytogenetics, and detailed molecular testing to classify the disease based on cell of origin (COO). With the advent of novel therapeutic options, molecular subtyping of DLBCL at diagnosis is expected to allow prognostic stratification of patients into distinct subgroups. This stratification could provide a preclinical rationale for therapeutic targeting the involved pathways and paving the application of personalized treatment. DLBCL is a potentially curable disease with an overall 60-70% chance of achieving durable complete remission (CR) with the currently used standard first-line immunochemotherapy. However, 30-40% of patients are either refractory to first-line treatment or experience relapse and eventually will die of disease progression7. Although high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the recommended SOC for eligible patients in the second-line setting based on results from the pivotal PARMA study, real-world SOC in this setting remains less clearly defined. Patients not cured with ASCT or ineligible to ASCT or refractory to salvage chemotherapy may be considered for Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy targeting CD1910. Although ASCT and CAR-T cell therapy offer patients an opportunity for durable remission, many patients may not be eligible for ASCT or CAR-T cell therapy or relapse after these treatments. In the last decade, the investigation of novel antigens, which can be targeted by immunotherapy and identified to eliminate malignant cells regardless of their molecular pathogenesis, has been constantly pursued. This study aims to address this need by examining the demographic, clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns and exploring access to novel therapies for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, both treatment naïve and relapsed/refractory patients, in the Middle East and Africa (MEA) region.

This study will compare the effects of MOP (micro-osteoperforation), prostaglandin E1, and calcitriol on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. The study will evaluate whether these interventions can accelerate tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. The findings may help researchers better understand methods for making orthodontic treatment more efficient while evaluating the effects and safety of the interventions used in the study.

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate whether the Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) score can replace the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) as the neurologic component of established intensive care unit (ICU) severity scoring systems and to derive and validate modified APACHE, SAPS, MODS, LODS, and SOFA models incorporating the FOUR score in critically ill adult patients. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does replacing the GCS with the FOUR score provide comparable or improved discrimination for in-hospital mortality across established ICU severity scoring systems? Can FOUR-based modifications of APACHE, SAPS, MODS, LODS, and SOFA be successfully derived and validated with adequate discrimination, calibration, and overall predictive performance? Do the modified FOUR-based models demonstrate predictive performance comparable to or different from the corresponding original GCS-based models? Researchers will compare the performance of the modified FOUR-based models with their original GCS-based counterparts to determine whether substitution of the FOUR score provides valid and clinically useful risk prediction in critically ill adults. Participants will not receive an experimental intervention. Data routinely collected during ICU care will be used to: Calculate the original GCS-based APACHE, SAPS, MODS, LODS, and SOFA scores. Replace the GCS component with the FOUR score and derive the corresponding modified models. Evaluate and validate the predictive performance of the original and modified models using measures of discrimination, calibration, and overall predictive accuracy.

This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the predictive utility of the Thorax Trauma Severity Score (TTSS) in determining morbidity and mortality in patients presenting with chest trauma at a tertiary hospital in Iraq. The primary objectives of the study are: To assess the accuracy of TTSS in predicting mortality and critical outcomes such as ICU admission and the need for advanced interventions. To evaluate the utility of TTSS in stratifying patients based on injury severity in a resource-constrained setting. To identify demographic and clinical factors influencing the predictive performance of TTSS. Participants will: Be assessed using the TTSS upon arrival at the emergency department to establish risk stratification. Provide demographic and clinical data, including age, gender, mechanism of injury, comorbidities, and length of hospital stay, for analyzing associations with clinical outcomes.

The goal of this prospective observational study is to investigate the impact of pre-hospital and hospital delays on the outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI) patients admitted to Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital, Baghdad. The main questions it aims to answer are: How do pre-hospital delays (e.g., patient transport and first medical contact) affect clinical outcomes such as mortality, complication rates, and recovery time in MI patients? What is the influence of hospital-related delays (e.g., time to intervention or reperfusion therapy) on the prognosis of MI patients? Participants will: Be monitored for the time elapsed from symptom onset to first medical contact and subsequent time intervals during hospital care. Have their clinical outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and post-intervention complications, recorded and analyzed.

The goal of this observational study is to assess the predictive accuracy of the Padua Prediction Score (PPS) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in thoracic surgery patients. The study aims to answer the following question: Does the PPS provide a more accurate prediction of VTE risk? Participants will: Have their VTE risk assessed using the PPS during their hospital admission.

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the Modified Caprini Risk Assessment Score and D-Dimer in identifying and managing lower extremity venous thrombosis (LEVT) among cardiothoracic surgery patients in Baghdad. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does combining the Modified Caprini Score with D-Dimer improve the accuracy of predicting lower extremity venous thrombosis (LEVT) compared to using each tool independently? Can these tools effectively guide clinical decisions for lower extremity venous thrombosis (LEVT) prevention and management in this patient population? Participants will: Undergo risk assessment for lower extremity venous thrombosis (LEVT) using the Modified Caprini Score and have their D-Dimer levels measured during their hospital stay. Be monitored for clinical outcomes, including confirmed lower extremity venous thrombosis (LEVT) incidence, need for anticoagulation therapy, and complications such as pulmonary embolism or recurrent thrombosis.

The goal of this prospective cohort study is to compare the predictive utility of the Injury Severity Score (ISS), New Injury Severity Score (NISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) in determining mortality outcomes among trauma patients admitted to the trauma and emergency department at Kadhimiya Educational Hospital in Baghdad. The main questions it aims to answer are: Which trauma scoring system provides the most accurate prediction of mortality? Are there specific trauma patient subgroups where one scoring system outperforms the others? Participants will: Be assessed using all four trauma scoring systems (ISS, NISS, RTS, and TRISS) upon admission to the trauma and emergency department. Have their clinical outcomes, including mortality, length of hospital stay, ICU admission, and discharge status, monitored throughout their hospital stay to evaluate the accuracy and utility of each scoring system in predicting patient outcomes.

Morbid obesity, is known to be associated with a high risk of VTE and, unfortunately, fixed doses of anticoagulant regimens may not provide optimal VTE prophylaxis in these patients especially after surgery.

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of lavender aromatherapy massage on pain intensity and wrist joint mobility in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive lavender aromatherapy massage in addition to standard care or standard care alone. Pain intensity and wrist mobility will be measured before and after the intervention period. The findings of this study may provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of complementary therapies in reducing pain and improving joint function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

This prospective observational study aims to develop and internally validate a new clinical score, the FOUR-Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (fREMS), for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study will assess whether combining the Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) score with physiological and clinical parameters from the Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) can improve early mortality prediction. The main question it aims to answer is: Can the fREMS score accurately predict the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury? Data on demographic characteristics, vital signs, neurological assessment, and other relevant clinical variables will be collected from eligible patients with TBI and used to develop and validate the fREMS score.

the study includes patients with liver cirrhosis irrespective of the stage excluding people with active tumor or other major health issue endangering life, the protocol includes the use of autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells harvested from the same patient under local anesthesia ,followed by cell concentration and viability testing , then final product is combined with small volume of 2 cc of Wharton gel exosomes 20 billion per to be administered intravenously.

The goal of this multicenter prospective observational cohort study is to develop and validate FOUR Score-modified trauma scoring systems for mortality prediction in adult trauma patients. The main question it aims to answer is (1) do FOUR Score-modified versions of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), New Trauma Score (NTS), and Glasgow Coma Scale, Age, and Systolic Blood Pressure (GAP) Score improve mortality prediction compared with their corresponding original scores? Researchers will compare the original scoring systems with their corresponding FOUR Score-modified versions to assess differences in discrimination and overall predictive performance. Participants will undergo routine clinical assessment, including assessment of the Glasgow Coma Scale and Full Outline of UnResponsiveness Score, and relevant demographic, physiological, and injury-related data will be prospectively recorded; no experimental intervention will be administered.

This study aims to examine efficacy of The Expanded Health Belief model-based intervention in enhancing female high school students' adherence to polycystic ovary syndrome health-protective behaviors.

To provide real world data on patient characteristics, disease management, healthcare utilization, and outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes, Hypertension, Heart failure and/or Chronic kidney diseases

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of combined traditional and paraspinal acupressure on restless legs syndrome and pruritus among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving the acupressure intervention in addition to routine hemodialysis care or a control group receiving routine care only. The severity of restless legs syndrome and pruritus will be assessed at predetermined time points using validated assessment tools. The study aims to determine whether the combined acupressure intervention is effective in reducing restless legs syndrome and pruritus symptoms in patients undergoing hemodialysis

Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder that affects hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen. The disease causes red blood cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped, leading to blockages in blood flow and subsequent pain and organ damage (World Health Organization (WHO),2025). Patients with sickle cell disease suffer from various complications of the disease during their lifetime, including anemia, sickle cell crises, acute chest syndrome, stroke, renal failure, retinal detachment and priapism. However, unforeseen and chronic pain crisis are the most common symptoms reported by the patients which are considered as the most common causes of referral to the emergency department and hospital to receive medical care in sickle cell patients (Poku, Atkin,\& Kirk,.2023). Objective(s) of the study: 1. To evaluate the effectiveness of Innovative Educational Methods on self-efficacy in children with sickle cell anemia. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of Innovative Educational Methods on self-care capacity in children with sickle cell anemia. 3. To find out the relationship between the effectiveness of Innovative Educational Methods on self-efficacy, self-care capacity and demographic characteristics of children with sickle cell anemia.

This randomized controlled trial will evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-week program combining facial muscle exercises and daily habit modification for improving skin quality and reducing wrinkle severity in middle-aged women. Participants will be randomly allocated to an intervention group receiving the structured program or to a control group maintaining their usual routine. Skin-related outcomes will be assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks using standardized objective measurements.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common performed surgical procedures in urology. Over the past few decades there have been an increasing development of newer surgical treatment options. Additionally, the outcome parameters for BPH treatments have been standardized. While data are available for the initial pivotal studies, post-market release data are lacking. Under the umbrella of uCARE, we have started a prospective, ongoing international registry for recording demographics and outcomes for patients undergoing surgical treatments for BPH.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn which distraction method works better to reduce needle pain in children aged 4-12 years during blood draws. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does watching cartoon videos lower children's pain more than squeezing a stress ball? * Which method do parents prefer for their children? 120 children will be randomly assigned to watch cartoons or squeeze a ball while nurses draw blood. Pain will be measured using a 0-10 pain scale right after the needle. This study will help nurses choose the best way to make blood draws less painful for children.

Goal To compare the effectiveness of a toy nebulizer versus distraction cards in reducing fear among children during nebulization therapy while improving parental satisfaction. Aim To evaluate and measure children's fear levels and parents' satisfaction when using toy nebulizers compared to distraction cards in nebulization sessions. Null hypothesis: (Hᴏ) There is no statistically significant difference in fear levels among children, and parental satisfaction scores in in the toy nebulizer, distraction cards, and control groups. Alternative hypothesis: (H₁) There is a statistically significant difference in fear levels among children, and parental satisfaction scores in the toy nebulizer, distraction cards, and control groups.

This study aims to evaluation of collegians adherence to oral health behavers and to examine the efficacy of the Expanded Health Belief Model-based intervention in enhancing oral health behaviors among collegians.

This RCT aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel 3D printed reverse twin block appliance in the management of maxillary deficiency in growing patients having class III malocclusion. The clinical outcomes of this appliance will be compared with the conventional reverse twin block appliance over 6 months treatment period. primary objective is evaluating of the effectiveness of 3DRTB in correcting sagittal discrepancies due to maxillary deficiency in class III malocclusion compared to conventional one while secondary objectives are assessment of transverse and vertical jaw relationship produced by 3DRTB compared to CRTB and to evaluate the soft tissue profile of class III patients and to evaluate the maxillary and mandibular incisor inclination, also assessment of patient perception with both appliances by using questionnaire and finally to assess the impact of 3DRTB on oral health compared to CRTB by using oral hygiene index.