Brain Injuries

The study is devoted to the use of ketamine infusion in a subanesthetic dose in the postoperative period in children after surgical correction of congenital heart defects in children.

This study will evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of low field portable MRI (pMRI) for detection of hypoxic ischemic brain injuries in pediatric patients compared to clinically obtained neuroimaging to define pediatric diagnostic limitations and to determine the diagnostic capabilities of this neuroimaging modality following optimization of image acquisition. The results of this study will help determine optimal clinical implementation opportunities in pediatric patients.

Patients with severe brain injury may develop impaired respiratory drive, diaphragm dysfunction, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and difficulty recovering spontaneous breathing. Epidural spinal cord stimulation may activate preserved spinal respiratory circuits and improve respiratory muscle activity. This prospective, single-center, non-randomized, single-arm exploratory study will enroll 10 patients with stroke or traumatic brain injury who have impaired consciousness and require invasive mechanical ventilation. Participants will undergo epidural spinal cord stimulation in addition to standard clinical care. Diaphragmatic electrical activity, respiratory function, diaphragm ultrasound findings, diaphragm electromyography, duration of mechanical ventilation, pulmonary infection, length of stay, mortality, safety events, and 6-month neurological outcome will be assessed. The study aims to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of epidural spinal cord stimulation for improving respiratory function after brain injury.

This is a prospective observational cohort study of adult patients undergoing high-risk surgery at UT Southwestern Medical Center. The study acquires synchronized multimodal neuromonitoring data - including SedLine quantitative EEG (qEEG) extracted from standard-of-care clinical monitoring and, where deployed, Brain4Care (B4C) noninvasive intracranial dynamics data - and links these data to perioperative hemodynamic, medication, laboratory, procedural, and outcome variables. No alteration of routine clinical care occurs. The primary goal is to characterize associations between monitor-derived features and perioperative clinical variables, and to establish a multimodal dataset supporting future analyses of perioperative brain health in high-risk surgical populations.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of anti-epileptic drugs in the prevention of early and late post-traumatic seizures among patients with trauma brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common combat-related conditions that can result in impairments in cognition, including memory, attention and multi-tasking. There are few effective interventions to improve cognition in Veterans with cognitive impairment due to these conditions. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), can be used to stimulate activity in areas of the brain to optimize recovery and rehabilitation. In this study, the investigators are conducting a randomized controlled trial of tDCS to improve cognitive function in Veterans with cognitive impairment due to co-morbid TBI and PTSD. TDCS is remotely administered and paired with cognitive training.

The aim of this study is to characterize the microbiome of patients undergoing post-acute residential neurorehabilitation compared to community controls and to determine if a dietary fiber, Inulin, can create a shift in the microbiome leading to changes in fatigue and cognition.

The proposed study will evaluate a new approach to cognitive rehabilitation of mTBI using a brain stimulation technique called "Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation combined with Cognitive Training" (RS-tDCS+) which has shown promise for improving complex attention in both healthy and clinical populations. RS-tDCS+ is a home-based, low-risk, non-invasive technique that is designed to boost cognitive training by enhancing learning and the brain's ability to reorganize connections. This study will evaluate RS-tDCS+ for improving complex attention in Active Duty Service Members (ADSM) and Veterans with a history of mTBI. Different tests of complex attention and symptom questionnaires will be used to determine the effects of real versus sham (placebo) RS-tDCS+. Second, the investigators will investigate electrical and connectivity changes in the brain associated with RS-tDCS+ using electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Third, the investigators will investigate the lasting effects of any observed changes by evaluating participants at 1 and 6 weeks post-treatment. Lastly, the investigators will explore the impact of individual differences (e.g., PTSD, depression, sleep quality, time since injury, baseline impairment, age, sex, ADSM versus Veteran) on treatment outcome.

This study will assess the benefits of using mobile health system designed for individuals with chronic and complex health conditions (such as those with Spinal Cord Injury,Cerebral Palsy, Spina Bifida, and Traumatic Brain Injury) to improve their wellness and self-management skills compared to those who receive standard of care only.

This is a prospective, observational cohort study aimed at constructing a machine learning-based prognostic model for severe brain-injured patients. The study will synchronously collect continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), electroencephalography (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), transcranial Doppler (TCD), and serum neuronal injury biomarkers (NSE, S100β) within 72 hours post-injury. The goal is to investigate the correlation between glycemic variability (GV) and neurological function and to develop an integrated model for early prediction of 3-6 month neurological outcomes (GOSE score).

The goal of this observational study is to develop and validate a clinical tool to predict which adolescents aged 11 to less than 18 years of age with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are at an increased risk for developing significant new or worsening mental health conditions. The main aims the study wish to answer are: * Does the adolescent have new or worsening depression or anxiety defined as a change from their previous medical history using self-reported questionnaires at either one or three months post-injury? * Does the adolescent have unmet mental health care needs, defined as not receiving any mental or behavior health care in patients with new or worsening anxiety or depression as defined by the self reported questionnaires? Participants will be enrolled after being diagnosed in the emergency department (ED) with an mTBI. During the ED visit, the child's parent/caregiver and the adolescent will complete several questionnaires related to mental health which include tools to measure anxiety and depression. Participants will be asked to complete these questionnaires again at 1 month and 3 months post enrollment.

This study looks at patients with brain hemorrhage to see if a special sign on brain scans, called the "Spot Sign," combined with other scan features, can predict a higher risk of death or disability. By comparing patient outcomes with existing prediction scores, the study aims to understand whether these scan markers provide extra value in identifying patients at higher risk.

The purpose of this clinical research project is to employ Mespere LifeSciences NeurOs Cerebral Oximetry system, equipped with noninvasive sensors approved by the FDA, to monitor and investigate the correlation within a cohort of patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, brain tumor, and brain bleeding. This study aims to investigate and establish the correlation between blood vessel functionality parameters-specifically, Vasodilation/Constriction Index (VDC), Vascular Resistance Index (VR), and Volume Reactivity Index (VRx)-with the crucial physiological indicators, Intracranial Pressure (ICP) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). By doing so, the investigators seek to address fundamental questions surrounding cerebral hemodynamics and autoregulation in various neurological conditions.

Augmented Renal Clearance (ARC), defined as a supraphysiological increase in renal function, is frequently observed in critically ill patients, particularly those with acute brain injury. ARC complicates the management of renally eliminated drugs, specifically beta-lactam antibiotics, by enhancing drug clearance and thereby increasing the risk of underdosing and therapeutic failure. Although pharmacological therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended to optimize dosing, it remains limited by issues of accessibility, highlighting the need for alternative approaches to identify at-risk patients and adjust dosing based on renal function. Early identification of patients at risk for subtherapeutic beta-lactam plasma concentrations could enable timely dose adjustments. A combined assessment of renal function and beta-lactam TDM could enhance our understanding of the kinetics of both parameters. These data may support the development of predictive models capable of proposing individualized dosing regimens based on renal function. Optimizing beta-lactam plasma concentrations in this patient population could improve infection management and potentially enhance clinical outcomes.

This is a prospective study that compares biofeedback training on the microperimetry (BT) to a control group in patient s with hemianopia. The patients receive 5 sessions of 20 minutes to stimulate with light and sound the brain in using the best residual area on the visual fields post-brain injury visual loss. Visual tests and quality of life questionnaire are performed pre-and-post-training.

Children requiring inpatient rehabilitation treatment following acquired brain injury (ABI) are at risk for poor engagement in rehabilitative therapies. A within subject crossover design will be used to determine whether involving dogs in physical and occupational therapies while receiving inpatient rehabilitation improves patient engagement, how involving dogs improves engagement, and identify who is most likely to benefit. This project addresses the critical need to establish an evidence base for animal-assisted therapies in pediatric rehabilitation, incorporates innovative methods, and has the potential to lead to improved clinical care for children and adolescents receiving intensive rehabilitation following ABI.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive, painless brain stimulation treatment that uses low-intensity direct electrical currents to stimulate specific parts of the brain. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) can both facilitate anodic stimulation and inhibit cathodic stimulation specific brain areas since many neurological and psychiatric disorders are connected to hypoactivity or hyperactivity in specific areas of the nervous system. This phenomenon is based on two processes: the reorganization of functional neural circuits and their reconstruction. In light of the studies mentioned above, it is presumed that Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) can be a valuable tool to facilitate the process of neuroplasticity in individuals with chronic neurological diseases and in patients with impaired consciousness following severe brain injury. A previous study demonstrated that a single session of transcranial direct current electrical stimulation could temporarily improve signs of consciousness in patients in a minimally conscious state (MCS)

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The degree of severity varies according to a combination of numerous demographics, etiological, clinical, cognitive, behavioral, psychosocial and environmental factors, which can interfere with the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions and, therefore, with the final outcome. The most important goal of the modern clinic is to predict in time the progression of possible recovery after the brain injury event in order to provide more effective treatment, but the high heterogeneity and clinical variability and the unpredictability of the onset of comorbidities makes this a hard target to reach. In recent years, artificial intelligence algorithms have been applied to more precisely define the role of critical variables that can help clinical practice to predict the final outcome. The classical approach of these algorithms provides only probabilistic values on the final outcome, without considering the typology of clinical interventions and overall complications that may appear throughout the hospitalization period. The objective of this multicentric study is to define a new statistical approach that can describe the dynamics of individual clinical changes occuring during the inpatient intensive rehabilitation care period. The proposed approach combines a principal component analysis (PCA) for dimension reduction (capturing the maximum amount of information and reducing the dimensionality problem) and a nonlinear mathematical modeling for describing the evolution of the clinical course in terms of the resulting new PCA dimensions. By using this approach, we may determine the individual patient's temporal trajectories while examining particular clinical factors. The secondary objective of this study is to validate a new version of the Early Rehabilitation Barthel Index (ERBI), a well-known clinical scale used to measure functional changes in patients with severe acquired brain injury.

This was a single-center, observational study. Patients with successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) will be transferred to the emergency intensive care unit for further standardized management. After successful return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) for 72 hours and hemodynamic stability for 24 hours, the patients underwent positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT) examination after resuscitation. The supervising physician accompanied the patient and used monitors to monitor vital signs during the examination. Patients who were on ventilators were mechanically ventilated with a magnetic ventilator (HAMILTON-MRI, United States). In addition to conventional cerebral oxygen metabolism, cerebral blood flow, oxygen extraction fraction, cerebral blood volume and other indicators were added in this experiment. These indicators can evaluate the patient's cerebral metabolism, cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood oxygen damage degree. The neurological outcome was followed up 6 months after onset according to the cerebral performance category（CPC）.

A multicentre observational study to validate the adaptation of the Pain Indicator Behavior Scale (ESCID) for patients with acquired Brain Damage (ESCID-DC), as a measuring instrument.

According to the World Health Organization, perinatal asphyxia is the leading cause of severe neurological disabilities and the second leading cause of neonatal death among term infants, with an incidence of 3.94-5.12 per 1,000 live births. Perinatal asphyxia leads to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, which remains a common cause of neonatal death and long-term disabilities, affecting 1.5-3 per 1,000 live births in developed countries and up to 26 per 1,000 live births in developing countries. This condition is characterized by altered levels of consciousness or manifests with seizures, often associated with difficulties in initiating and maintaining breathing, as well as depression of tone and reflexes. Currently, therapeutic hypothermia is the standard treatment for neonates with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; however, it does not provide complete neuroprotection and is only partially effective. Therefore, new treatments with good therapeutic windows are urgently needed to ensure the best possible preservation of neurological tissue for patients exposed to hypoxic-ischemic insult. Traumatic brain injury is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children and young adults in developed countries. The incidence of traumatic brain injury has increased in recent years, yet the prognosis for these patients has not substantially changed. In recent studies the key intermediary role of the immune system and neuroinflammation has been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, both in the acute phase and in the long term. Indeed, neuroinflammatory processes can persist for several months, contributing to chronic alterations and accelerating brain aging in patients with post-traumatic brain injury. Currently, therapies that have shown promising results in patients with post-traumatic brain injuries are unfortunately still limited, especially in the context of severe traumatic brain injury. Thus, there is an urgent need for new treatments with a broader therapeutic window that can counteract early and chronic pathophysiological events.

Brain injury is a leading cause of disability in the United States. When survivors of brain injury recover from the initial injury and return home to live in the community, they often face chronic health conditions that warrant nutrition therapy, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and overweight and obesity. Typically, these individuals do not receive nutrition counseling. Thus, the purpose of this clinical trial is to compare changes in diet quality between community-dwelling individuals with a history of brain injury who receive three individualized nutrition therapy sessions versus handouts only. Our research question is: Can nutrition counseling improve dietary intake among this population? Participants will complete a survey, participate in three days of dietary recalls via Zoom or telephone, and receive either three individualized nutrition counseling sessions with a Registered Dietitian or standard of care (handouts). Researchers will compare the diets of the recipients of the nutrition counseling to a control group who receives nutrition handouts to see if nutrition sessions with a Registered Dietitian improve dietary intake.

In Denmark, about 120,000 people suffer from brain damage, of whom approx. 75,000 with brain damage after stroke. Serious and often lasting vision impairments affect 20% to 35% of people after stroke. Vision is the most important sense in humans, and even smaller permanent injuries can drastically reduce quality of life. Vision impairments after brain damage inhibits rehabilitation and enhances other invalidating effects. Reduced vision results in impaired balance, increased risk of serious falls, increased support needs, reduced quality of life, and impaired ability to perform activities of daily living. Restoration of visual field impairments occur only to a small extent during the first month after brain damage, and therefore the time window for spontaneous improvements is very limited. Hence, brain-impaired persons with visual impairment will most likely experience chronically impaired vision already 4 weeks after brain injury and the need for visual compensatory rehabilitation is substantial. Neuro Vision Technology (NVT) is an supervised training course where people with visual impairments are trained in compensatory techniques using special equipment. Through the NVT process, the individual's vision problems are carefully investigated and personal data is used to organize individual training sessions that practice the individual in coping with situations that cause problems in everyday life. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether rehabilitation with NVT can cause significant and lasting improvement in functional capacity in persons with chronic visual impairments after brain injury. Improving eyesight is expected to increase both physical and mental functioning, thus improving the quality of life. Participants included in the project will be investigated in terms of both visual and mental functions, including quality of life, cognition and depression. Such an investigation has not been performed previously and can have a significant impact on vision rehabilitation both nationally and internationally.

The goal of this observational retrospective study is to evaluate the electroencephalography (EEG)'s poficiency in the treatment of neuroelectric stimulation in patients with severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI). The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Whether EEG of patients with severe TBI will change after they receiving neuroelectrial stimulation? If yes, how does it change? 2. How can EEG be used to evaluate the condition of patients with severe TBI?

Ventilator-associated brain injury (VABI) frequently occurs in ICU patients. Although animal studies indicate the hippocampus as a key target of VABI, its relevance in human patients remains uncertain. In this study, the investigators aim to monitor hippocampal EEG activity during the weaning process of patients off mechanical ventilation, and also exploring the coupling between breathing patterns and hippocampal activity.