Cardiopulmonary Diseases

RIGHT-NET 2.0 is a multicenter observational study with a retrospective-prospective design that builds on the original RIGHT-NET study. It aims to observe and document the functional status of the right heart-pulmonary circulation unit (RH-PCU) at rest and during exercise stress transthoracic echocardiography (ExTTE) in clinically stable patients referred to cardiology, internal medicine, echocardiography, and exercise testing laboratories. The study will also include healthy volunteers, individuals with cardiovascular risk factors but no overt disease, athletes undergoing sports eligibility evaluation, and healthy individuals living at high altitude. Patients will be classified according to the 2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. The study plans to enroll at least 1000 additional subjects beyond the original RIGHT-NET cohort of 1000 participants, for a total anticipated enrollment of approximately 2000 subjects across 22 Italian and 16 international centers. Data will be collected through the REDCap electronic data capture platform in a pseudonymized format.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if community-based exercise training can benefit patients aged 18 to 85 with diminished cardiovascular and pulmonary function. The main aim of this study is: • Establish a community or home-based fitness training program for patients with cardiopulmonary insufficiency to improve adherence, safety, and efficacy while alleviating the burden on both patients and society. Researchers will compare community-based exercise training to non-exercise training to see if community-based exercise training works to improve cardiovascular and pulmonary function. Participants will: * Engage in community or home exercise training for 40-60 minutes, five times weekly, during a duration of eight weeks. Exercise modalities are primarily determined by the patients' individual preferences and habits, such as brisk walking, running, swimming, cycling, and hiking. * Adjust the exercise intensity according to their cardiopulmonary exercise test and the person's perceived exertion level. * Utilize fitness bracelets or watches to document statistics during workouts and submit them to the experimenter weekly, covering the five days of exercise within that week. * refrain from making any dietary modifications throughout the trial.

The aim of this study is to examine the mechanisms of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) for improving cardiovascular and pulmonary function in individuals with chronic motor-complete spinal cord injury (SCI) by measuring vascular related endothelial biomarkers, plasma catecholamines, and respiratory parameters.