Forward Head Posture

This study investigates the effects of specific corrective exercises on EMG of masticatory and cervical muscles in individuals with forward head posture. The study's design will be a retrospective, double- blinded, randomized controlled trial. The participants will be randomly allocated to one of two groups: the exercise group and the control group. The training groups will perform a program consisting of two strengthening (deep cervical flexors and shoulder retractors) and two stretchings (cervical extensors and pectoral muscles) exercises. This exercise program will be repeated 4 times per week for 10 weeks, and each session lasted 30 minutes. The pre/post assessment of forward head posture will measure by using craniovertebral angle CVA. While the muscle activity EMG of the masseter, temporalis, splenius, upper trapezius, and SCM will measure pre and post-assessment using a biopic data acquisition system.

Forward head posture and thoracic kyphosis are among the most common postural problems in university students, driven largely by long hours of screen use and poor sitting habits. Research suggests that nearly two-thirds of university students show measurable forward head posture, and if uncorrected, it is linked to chronic neck pain and long-term musculoskeletal strain. This study compares three approaches to correcting posture over a six-week supervised exercise program: a wearable sensor belt that vibrates in real time when posture slips, a smartphone app that sends scheduled reminders throughout the day, and exercise alone with no reminders. The two technology-assisted groups are prompted to correct their posture throughout daily activities, not just during exercise sessions. The study will show whether real-time or scheduled reminders produce greater improvements in posture, neck pain, and neck function than exercise alone . Helping physical therapists and university health services to identify the most practical strategy for correcting posture in screen-heavy academic environments.

This randomized controlled trial investigates the acute effects of three electrotherapy modalities (therapeutic ultrasound, interferential current, and TENS) on the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of neck muscles in young adults with forward head posture. Seventy-five participants will be randomly allocated to one of three groups. Muscle stiffness, oscillation frequency, and craniovertebral angle will be assessed before and immediately after a single treatment session.

Forward Head Posture (FHP) is a common postural dysfunction characterized by the anterior displacement of the head relative to the shoulders, leading to cervical spine misalignment, increased muscle strain, and neck pain. It is highly prevalent in university students (63-66%), largely due to prolonged sedentary behaviors and the use of smartphones, laptops, and tablets in poor ergonomic postures . This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of three intervention strategies for managing FHP in university students: Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) Breathing + Conventional Exercises: DNS breathing will emphasize diaphragmatic activation and postural stabilization, combined with stretching, strengthening, and postural education. Myofascial Release (MFR) + Conventional Exercises: Suboccipital MFR to release fascial tension, combined with the same conventional exercise program. Conventional Exercises Alone (Control Group): A standard rehabilitation protocol of stretching, strengthening, and postural correction. All interventions will be delivered three times per week for six weeks, with each session lasting 45 minutes. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, week 4, and week 6: Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) and Forward Shoulder Angle (FSA) measured using smartphone photographic analysis. Wall Test to assess forward head and rounded shoulder posture. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to measure subjective pain intensity. SF-36 Health Survey to evaluate quality of life across eight health domains. The study will compare the relative effectiveness of DNS breathing and MFR, each combined with conventional therapy, against conventional therapy alone. Findings are expected to contribute to evidence-based postural rehabilitation, particularly for young adults with sedentary lifestyles.

The purpose of this cross-sectional and comparative study is to investigate the impact of smartphone addiction on the cervical posture, musculoskeletal system, balance, and tongue pressure in individuals diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), and to compare these findings with a healthy control group. Smartphone addiction has become a major contributing factor to postural alterations such as Text Neck Syndrome. This study aims to evaluate and compare the Craniovertebral Angle (CVA), neck extensor muscle strength, Pressure Pain Thresholds (PPT) of the neck and shoulder, Single-Leg Stance (SLS) static balance, and tongue pressure among three distinct groups. A healthy control group will be included as a reference baseline to differentiate the postural and functional deterioration caused by rheumatological diseases from the additional mechanical load imposed by smartphone dependency. To eliminate the misleading effects of acute pain, joint swelling, and severe functional limitations during flare-ups, only patients with stable disease activity (DAS28 \< 3.2 for RA and BASDAI \< 4 for AS) will be enrolled. This approach aims to examine the pure biomechanical relationship between technological dependency and cervical functions, independent of active systemic inflammation.

The trial aims to evaluate and compare the therapeutic outcomes of Blackburn and Egoscue exercise interventions in managing forward head posture. The study will be conducted as a Randomized Clinical Trial enrolling subjects diagnosed with forward head posture. Participants of both sexes will be eligible provided they present with a Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) ranging between 30 and 45 degrees, a Neck Disability Index (NDI) score indicating moderate to severe impairment, and pain levels rated as moderate to severe on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Individuals currently wearing orthotic devices or having a history of recent trauma or fractures will be ineligible for participation. Written as well as verbal informed consent shall be obtained from each participant prior to enrollment. A total of 28 subjects will be distributed across 2 groups, each comprising 14 individuals, with allocation performed through randomization. Group A will undertake Blackburn exercise protocols while Group B will follow Egoscue method exercises. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), isometric exercises, and thermotherapy via hot pack will serve as baseline interventions for both cohorts alongside cervical isometrics. The complete intervention protocol will span 24 sessions administered across 3 sessions weekly on alternate days. The principal outcomes assessed will include pain severity, craniovertebral alignment, and functional disability. Assessment instruments will comprise the Craniovertebral Angle measurement, Neck Disability Index, and Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Baseline measurements will be recorded at the start, pain will be documented before and after every treatment session, whereas forward head posture assessment and neck disability evaluations will be conducted both at baseline and upon completion of the 8-week protocol. Statistical processing of data will utilize SPSS version 23.

The Posture Committee of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgery defines good posture as "that state of muscular and skeletal balance that protects the supporting structures of the body against injury or progressive deformity irrespective of the attitude (erect, lying, squatting, and stooping) in which these structures are working or resting." Under those conditions, the muscles will function most efficiently, and the Thoracic and abdominal organs will be in their optimal places.

1. Evaluate postural stability in subjects with forward head posture versus matching controls. 2. Evaluate gait parameters in subjects with forward head posture versus matching controls. 3. Investigate the correlation between postural stability and kinematic gait parameters in each group.

It is thought that adding approaches that increase posture awareness to corrective exercise programs will contribute to the treatment. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of adding the Feldenkrais method to the corrective exercise program applied to individuals with forward head posture on cervical joint position sense, muscle strength, joint range of motion and posture parameters.

Forward Head Posture (FHP) is a prevalent postural dysfunction characterized by anterior displacement of the head relative to the shoulder line. It is often linked to musculoskeletal pain, restricted cervical mobility, and altered muscle activation patterns. The condition manifests with shortening of the upper trapezius, suboccipital muscles, semispinalis, splenius capitis, Sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and levator scapulae. Concurrently, there is weakness or inhibition in the deep cervical flexors, resulting in an imbalance between the cervical flexor and extensor muscle groups. These muscular imbalances contribute to dysfunctional cervical movement patterns, altered proprioception, and increased joint loading, particularly at the atlanto-occipital and cervico-thoracic junctions. The objective of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the effectiveness of Sub-Occipital Muscle Inhibition (SMI) and Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) in improving postural alignment, reducing pain, and enhancing cervical range of motion in individuals with Forward Head Posture. It will address a common postural and musculoskeletal problem that affects a large portion of the population which will contribute to a more effective management approach for Forward Head Posture and will guide clinicians in selecting targeted, evidence-based therapies for their patients with FHP. As there is a lack of comparative studies assessing their relative effectiveness specifically for FHP, it will contribute novel data to the field of physiotherapy and rehabilitation science. A total of 38 participants with FHP will be randomly assigned into two equal groups (n=19). Group A will receive conventional physiotherapy along with Sub-Occipital Muscle Inhibition, while Group B will receive conventional physiotherapy combined with Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization. Both groups will undergo 18 treatment sessions over six weeks, administered on alternate days. Both interventions are expected to show positive outcomes in improving FHP; however, the study aims to determine which technique is more effective. The results will help clinicians understand which manual therapy methods work best. This can make it easier for them to choose the right treatment for Forward Head Posture. Using proven techniques can improve patient comfort and recovery. In the end, it will help to provide advance approach and more personalised care for the patients.

This study aims to investigate the effects of forward head posture correction on neck pain, brain activity, and cognitive-motor performance. Forward head posture is a common postural problem, especially among young adults who spend long hours using smartphones and computers. It is frequently associated with neck pain, reduced mobility, and functional limitations. Emerging evidence also suggests that this postural deviation may influence brain function and increase the mental effort required during tasks that involve both thinking and movement. Participants with forward head posture and neck pain will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of three groups: an intervention group using a cervical traction device (Denneroll), a sham group using a towel roll, or a control group receiving no intervention. The intervention will be performed at home over a six-week period, with sessions conducted five times per week. The duration of each session will gradually increase based on participant tolerance to ensure safety and comfort. All participants will undergo assessments at baseline and after the intervention period. Pain intensity will be measured using a standardized pain scale. Brain activity will be assessed using a non-invasive technique called functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which measures changes in oxygen levels in the brain. Participants will also perform balance tasks under single-task and dual-task conditions, where they will be asked to maintain balance while performing simple cognitive tasks. In addition, cognitive function will be evaluated using standardized tests of attention, memory, and overall cognitive performance. This study will help determine whether correcting forward head posture can reduce pain and improve brain and cognitive function. The findings may provide valuable insights into the relationship between posture, pain, and brain activity, and may contribute to the development of more effective and comprehensive rehabilitation approaches for individuals with forward head posture.

This assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of motor control training, sensor-based biofeedback training using a wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU), and standardized postural correction exercises on mild visual dysfunction in university students with forward head posture (FHP). The trial seeks to establish whether targeted postural rehabilitation can produce measurable improvements in validated visual and sensorimotor outcomes.

The aim of this randomized clinical trial is to compare the effects of deep neck flexor strengthening and motor learning-based neuroplasticity training on craniovertebral angle, deep neck flexor strength, proprioception, and symptom recurrence in individuals with forward head posture (FHP). The study will be conducted at Riphah International University, Gulberg Green Campus. A total of 74 participants with forward head posture will be recruited using non-probability convenience sampling and randomly allocated into two groups (37 participants per group). Group A will receive deep neck flexor strengthening exercises, while Group B will receive motor learning-based neuroplasticity training. Both groups will undergo three sessions per week for four weeks. Assessments will be performed at baseline, post-intervention, and at one-month follow-up to assess symptom recurrence. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 27.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation, often exacerbated by postural abnormalities such as forward head posture (FHP). FHP can lead to significant alterations in breathing patterns, reducing the efficiency of respiratory muscles and impairing lung function. Patients with COPD and FHP frequently exhibit muscular imbalances, where overactive accessory muscles compensate for weakened primary respiratory muscles Resistive Inspiratory Muscle Training strengthens inhalation muscles using resistance devices to enhance respiratory function in COPD patients. Resistive Expiratory Muscle Training focuses on strengthening exhalation muscles through resistance during exhalation, improving breathing efficiency. Posture Correction Exercises address forward head posture by stretching tight muscles and strengthening weak ones to optimize breathing mechanics. Combined Resistive Inspiratory and Expiratory Muscle Training integrates both inspiratory and expiratory muscle training, using resistance for both inhalation and exhalation, to maximize respiratory efficiency and overall lung function in COPD patients. The objective of the study is to determine the effects of combined exercise and resistive respiratory muscles training on dyspnea, chest expansion, craniovertebral angle and pulmonary function test, in COPD patients with forward head posture. Patients of COPD with forward head posture will be recruited by convenient sampling technique using seal opaque method. 72 patients will be equally divided into three groups with 24 patients each. Posture correction exercises will be added as baseline treatment for all three groups session. GROUP A will be treated with resistive inspiratory muscles training (RIMT). GROUP B will be treated with resistive expiratory muscles training (REMT). GROUP C will be treated with combined resistive inspiratory and expiratory muscles technique (RIMT+REMT).treatment session will be of 8 weeks and will include three reading (pre, post treatment and one follow-up). Outcomes measurement will include; dyspnea by dyspnea 12 questionnaires, chest expansion by measuring tape, craniovertebral angle by radiograph and pulmonary function test by spirometer. Data will be analyzed by SPSS software version 21.

This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of thoracic expansion exercises and Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) on respiratory function and bilateral trapezius muscle activity in individuals with forward head posture (FHP). A total of 32 participants aged 18-40 years with a craniovertebral angle (CVA) of less than 53° will be randomly assigned to either the DNS group or the thoracic expansion exercise group. Primary outcomes include respiratory function (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC), trapezius muscle activation measured with EMG biofeedback, and craniovertebral angle. Secondary outcomes include thoracic mobility and health-related quality of life assessed using the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire. Both interventions will be applied for 6 weeks. The study aims to determine which approach provides greater improvement in posture-related respiratory dysfunction and muscle activation.

This study aims to compare different posture correction exercises to see which is most effective in improving forward head posture (FHP) in people who frequently use smartphones and laptops. FHP occurs when the head leans forward, putting extra strain on the neck and shoulders, leading to discomfort and pain. With the increasing use of digital devices, many individuals experience posture-related issues without realizing their long-term effects. This study will assess the impact of specific exercises, such as chin tucks and neck isometric holds, in realigning the head and relieving discomfort. The research will involve 56 participants aged 18-40 who use their devices for at least 2-3 hours daily. Participants will perform targeted exercises over four weeks, and improvements in posture and pain levels will be measured using a standardized scale. The study aims to determine whether structured posture correction exercises can help alleviate FHP and improve overall well-being in frequent digital device users.

this study will be conducted to investigate the impact of adding integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique to mulligan therapy in symptomatic forward head posture.

This observational study investigates the correlation between forward head posture and hand grip strength, pinch grip strength, and wrist joint position sense among dentists aged 23-30 years. The aim is to understand the impact of poor head posture on upper limb function in dental professionals.

The aim of this research is to compare the effect of Brugger relief exercise versus Kinesio taping at craniovertebral angle on forward head posture. Randomized controlled trials done at we care physical therapy clinic Islamabad. The sample size was 28. The subjects were divided in two groups, 14 subjects in Kinesio taping group and 14 in Brugger relief exercise group. Study duration was of 6 months. Sampling technique applied was non probability purposive sampling technique. Only 20-40 years people with forward head posture having craniovertebral angle less than 50° degrees were included. Tools used in the study is protractor app. Data will be analyzed through SPSS 21

Forward Head Posture (FHP) causes muscle imbalances in the neck and shoulder regions. Various exercises are suggested to correct FHP. During these exercises, internal and external focus techniques are used to enhance motor learning and improve muscle balance. However, there are no studies examining how these approaches affect neck muscle activation in individuals with FHP. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of external and internal focus techniques, aimed at improving cervical alignment during postural correction exercises, on cervical muscle activation in individuals with FHP.

The study aims are: 1. To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation (interferential current) on forward head posture and protracted shoulder in adolescents. 2. To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on cervical pain, cervical ROM, neck muscle strength, and quality of life in adolescents with forward head posture and protracted shoulder.

The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique on Cervical Proprioception in Patients with Forward Head Posture. A randomized control trial was conducted at Riphah International University, Gulberg Green Campus, Islamabad. The sample size was 42 calculated through G-Power. The participants were divided into two interventional groups each having 21 participants. The study duration was six months. Sampling technique applied was Non-probability Purposive sampling for recruitment. Only 18 to 40 years participants with CVA angle less than 50 degree were included in the study. Tools used in this study are Inclinometer, Mobile phone, Labtop, Kinovea Software, NPRS Scale, Laser Beam. Data was collected at Baseline, after 1st session at the end of 2nd week and 4th week. Data analyzed through SPSS version 23.

sixty patients with forward head posture will be randomized to three groups Group A: will receive traditional treatment ( isometric exercise for deep neck flexors plus sub occipital release). Group B: will receive traditional treatment plus muscle energy technique for upper trapezius, elevator scapulae and sternocleidomastoid. Group C: will receive traditional treatment plus mulligan mobilization

Purpose of This study to detect if there is correlation between the Cobb's angle and the forward head posture in patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. And if there is correlation between the Cobb's angle and the cervical sagittal curve angle in AIS. And also if there is correlation between the Cobb's angle and deep flexors muscles endurance in AIS

The goal of this clinical trial is to test the effect of nerd neck correction on damaged jaw in people who suffers from jaw problems and nerd neck. The main question it aims to answer: * whether there are different effects of traditional nerd neck correction exercises, device correction method and dental splints on jaw features of pain and function. Participants will: * participants will be given the consent to sign first. * participants will be assessed to check jaw pain and function. * participants will be divided randomly into 3 groups. * Each group will be given the treatment sessions for 6 weeks. * participants will come back after 6 weeks for one last assessment. Researchers will compare traditional, new and dental treatment groups to see if there is improvement in jaw characteristics.