Healthy Subjects

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn how eating different snack foods affects acute hunger, energy intake and eating behaviour in healthy adults. The study will be conducted remotely over 5 days. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Does eating a snack bar intervention change how hungry participants feel later in the same day? 2. Does eating a snack bar intervention change participants' energy intake, nutrient intake and eating behaviour on the same day? 3. Does eating a snack bar intervention change participants mood, energy levels and alertness later in the same day? Researchers will compare an intervention snack bar to a control snack bar to see if the intervention improves hunger, energy intake, eating behaviour, and other subjective measures. Participants will: * Eat 2 snack bars for breakfast on 2 separate days, with 2 days in between * Not eat anything after 9pm the night before each test day * Fill out short online surveys (under 5 minutes) before breakfast and at set times over the next 3 hours * Not eat for 3 hours after breakfast * Write down everything they eat that day

Background Patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) suffer from a progressive loss of lung function that leads to poor quality of life, and often invalidity and early death. This is markedly affected by a reduced exercise capacity and dyspnoea, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In the present study, we aim to investigate whether this may involve a reduced pulmonary blood volume secondarily to a reduced total blood volume. Methods Design: Prospective matched comparative study Intervention: None Outcomes: The primary outcome is pulmonary blood volume estimated to total blood volume ratio between patients with COPD and healthy controls individually matched for age, sex, and height. Statistical design: All statistical analyses will be performed using R statistical software version 4.1.1 (R Project for Statistical Computing) within RStudio statistical software version 1.4.1717 (RStudio), and a two-tailed p\<0.05 will be considered statistically significant. Inspection of normality and variance homogeneity will be done by creating qq-plots and histogram. Regulatory considerations: This study will be submitted for approval by Regional Ethical Committee. Perspective: This study will help uncover fundamental aspects of the pathophysiology of COPD.

Background: \- Computed Tomography (CT) is a scan that makes detailed pictures of the body. It uses radiation to do that. In 2011, about 85.3 million CT scans were done in the United States. But there is growing concern about the health effects of radiation. There are new and different ways to make CT pictures that use less radiation. Researchers want to learn whether these new methods create images that are similar to images from a traditional CT. Objective: \- To learn if new CT imaging methods with less radiation make images that are similar to traditional ways. Eligibility: \- Adults 18 years of age and older who are scheduled for a CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis with contrast. Design: * Researchers will review participants medical records to see if they can be in this study. * Participants may have blood drawn from an arm vein by a needle stick. The blood will be used to make sure they can be in this study and that it is safe for them to have contrast. * During the participants CT scan appointment, one extra scan will be done using low radiation methods. * During a CT scan, the participant lies on a table. A large x-ray machine takes pictures of the body.

Background: \- Gum disease is a condition in which the tissue around the tooth root becomes swollen and infected. This condition can cause tooth loss if it is not treated. Who gets gum disease and how bad it will be depends on (1) the different bacteria in the mouth and (2) how the immune system of an individual handles these bacteria. Researchers want to look at the oral bacteria and genetic immune problems of different people to learn how these affect gum disease and other conditions of the mouth. Objectives: \- To study how immune system problems may lead to problems in the mouth, including gum disease. Eligibility: * Children and adults at least 7 years of age who have genetic problems with their immune system. * Healthy adults that have periodontal disease * Health adults that do not have periodontal disease Design: * This study will involve a screening visit and a study visit. * Participants will be screened with a medical history, blood work and a full oral and dental exam, including dental x-rays and photos. * The study visit will involve collection of blood, urine, and other samples, including saliva, plaque, and gum swabs. Any abnormal tissue will sampled for a biopsy. Additional oral and dental exams will be performed. Participants will also answer questions about any current medical or dental problems.

This study is to evaluate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and effect of food on ABBV-7828 compared to placebo in healthy adult participants.

This study is testing the BioJet™ oral device, a capsule-based method of delivering medicine by mouth, in healthy adult volunteers. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups and will receive a single dose of the study treatment. The purpose of the study is to compare Hadlima® given through the BioJet™ device with Hadlima® given by a SC injection under the skin. Researchers will evaluate how safe and well tolerated the treatments are, how the body processes the medicine, and whether the body's immune system responds to it. Approximately 30 healthy adults will take part in this study.

The goal is to determine whether three months of at least three times / week of sensory flicker stimulation improves cognition, mobility, and affect in healthy older adults and older adults with and without Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD). Investigators will also determine whether the intervention slows cortical thinning and declines in brain functional network segregation and changes in blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD).

The objective of this trial is to assess the post-infusion viability of INTERCEPT RBCs by measuring the 24-hour post-infusion recovery and lifespan of autologous RBCs prepared with the INTERCEPT Blood System for RBC with AS-1 after 35 days post collection storage in comparison to untreated AS-1 RBCs stored for 35 days.

The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the safety and mucosal pharmacokinetics of KB15A, a vaginal film containing an anti-sperm monoclonal antibody, in healthy adult women. Researchers will compare KB15A use to placebo use, primarily to see if KB15A is associated with adverse events, and also to understand the local and systemic distribution of the KB15A monoclonal antibody following use of the vaginal film. Participants will be assessed for the genital, mucosal and systemic safety and pharmacokinetics of KB15A in a preliminary single-dose phase of the study, where they will receive two single doses of either KB15A or placebo vaginal film, and again in a multiple-dose phase of the study, where they will receive 14 daily doses of either KB15A or placebo vaginal film.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn how eating different snack foods affects long term hunger and gut health in healthy adults. The study will be conducted remotely over 7 weeks. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Does eating a snack bar intervention for 5-weeks change how hungry participants feel throughout the day compared to a control? 2. Does eating a snack bar intervention change gut microbiome, bowel habits, digestive symptoms, and other health measures compared to a control over 5 weeks? Researchers will compare an intervention snack bar to a control snack bar to see if the intervention improves hunger, gut microbiome, digestive symptoms and other health measures. Participants will: * Eat 2 snack bars in place of their usual snacks every day for 4 weeks * Complete health measurements at the start and end of the study: a health questionnaire, 3-day food diary, 3-day hunger \& satiety survey, body measurements, and a stool sample * Fill out a short online survey (under 5 minutes) once a week

The overarching goal of this project is to develop and evaluate a single-tracer multiparametric positron emission tomography (PET) imaging solution for simultaneous imaging of blood flow and glucose metabolism using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) alone. The investigators working hypothesis is that quantitative blood flow can be extracted from dynamic 18F-FDG PET data by use of tracer kinetic modeling, in addition to glucose metabolism that 18F-FDG is conventionally used for.

This Phase 1, 16-day Repeat dose study will evaluate the safety of a Dexmedetomidine Transdermal System (DMTS) skin system in healthy adults Subjects. Participants will receive the patch for four consecutive 4-day treatment periods. Researchers will monitor safety, drug levels in the blood, sedation effects, skin irritation, and how well the patch stays attached to the skin.

This is a first-in-human study aimed at determining the safety of a single dose of GTX-B001 in healthy participants and in people with chronic inducible urticaria.

\[18F\]FT8, a derivative of 1-(4-pyridyl)-4-piperazinyl arene (\[18F\]TPZA), exhibits high affinity for AL amyloid in myocardial tissue sections and shows no significant binding to transthyretin amyloid. By comparing its diagnostic performance against established clinical methods, including echocardiography, contrast-enhanced MRI, and relevant laboratory tests, this study aims to establish \[18F\]FT8 as the basis for a robust PET protocol for the direct visualization and differential diagnosis of AL amyloidosis . The study preimarily evaluates the safety and diagnostic efficacy of \[18F\]FT8 PET imaging in human subjects.

The purpose of this prospective, longitudinal, single-center observational study is to identify, describe, and measure the morpho-functional characteristics and modifications of the retina and choroid using advanced multimodal imaging techniques. The study will evaluate patients affected by retino-choroidal diseases and compare them with healthy controls over a 5-year follow-up period to track the evolution of these parameters over time.

The purpose of this graduate student research study is to transform the existing concepts surrounding shoulder strength in baseball players, particularly in the context of retroverted shoulders.

This is a Phase 1, single-center, open-label study evaluating the safety, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry of Radiocaine™, an investigational fluorine-18-labeled PET radiotracer designed to bind voltage-gated sodium channels. The study enrolls adult volunteers and aims to inform future clinical development in molecular imaging applications. Radiocaine™ is being developed as a potential diagnostic imaging agent and imaging biomarker for the localization and quantification of sodium channel activity.

This is a proof-of-concept study to investigate whether antibodies (guselkumab and adalimumab) delivered directly to the colon can enter the systemic circulation. The study endpoints chosen for this study are commonly used for evaluating the safety, tolerability, and PK of single doses of IPs. No interim analysis is planned.

This study is a single-site, non randomized, open-label study to assess the absorption, metabolism, and excretion profile of \[14C\] HS-10504 in healthy adult male subjects.

This is a feasibility study to determine whether pulsed ultrasound stimulation targeting the splenic nerve or the cervical vagus nerve can elicit an anti-inflammatory immune response in healthy volunteers.

The goal of this experimental study is to investigate the somatosensory system through intraneural recording and stimulation of the median nerve in healthy volunteers and participants with upper-limb amputation. The main questions it aims to answer are: * How does median nerve activity encode tactile perception during different types of mechanical tactile stimulation in healthy subjects? * How can tactile information be artificially encoded and restored through intraneural microstimulation in both healthy subjects and upper-limb amputee participants? How rich and functionally meaningful is the restored sensory information? * What are the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying tactile stimulus processing and the associated patterns of brain activation during tactile stimulation? Participants will undergo median nerve recordings using microneurography during controlled mechanical tactile stimulation, as well as intraneural microstimulation with specific patterns to evoke near-natural tactile sensations. They will perform perceptual reporting tasks related to stimulus type, intensity, and localization, as well as psychophysical tests under different stimulation conditions. When possible, they will also undergo non-invasive recordings of brain activity using electroencephalography during sensory stimulation.

Many neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and medical disorders are commonly associated with intellectual disability. The presence of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric (NDP) comorbidities has been reported to negatively impact the clinical outcomes of bowel or bladder dysfunction. Pediatric bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) is a common but underdiagnosed condition characterized by a spectrum of lower urinary tract symptoms and is often associated with constipation. Lower urinary tract symptoms include dysuria, urinary urgency, daytime incontinence, and enuresis, while bowel symptoms include constipation and encopresis. Most BBD cases are functional and not neurogenic in origin. In children with special needs, all types of urinary incontinence are reported to occur more frequently compared to children without developmental or behavioral disabilities. Intellectual disability (IQ \<70) is also identified as a significant risk factor for urinary incontinence, with prevalence increasing as IQ decreases. In these children, lower urinary tract symptoms such as overactive bladder, dysfunctional voiding, and low fluid intake are also observed. Furthermore, according to support plans and medical records, 94% of individuals with intellectual and multiple disabilities experience constipation. Interestingly, lower levels of intellectual disability (profound and severe ID) have been associated with a lower prevalence of constipation. Although there are studies in the literature examining bladder and bowel functions separately in specific diagnostic groups with intellectual disability, the number of studies that assess bladder and bowel functions together in children with any form of intellectual disability is limited. Moreover, to our knowledge, there is no study in the literature that evaluates bladder and bowel functions along with child participation and parental quality of life in children with intellectual disability. Based on this gap in the literature, the aim of our study is to examine bladder and bowel functions, participation, and quality of life in children with intellectual disability

The goal of this study is to build a database of personalized EP (Electrical Properties) maps (accounting for age, anatomical location, and tissue complexity), obtained via MRI, to improve electromagnetic safety assessments, especially in the context of MRI. The EP values derived from this study are expected to be more accurate than current literature values, leading to more realistic specific absorption rate (SAR) modeling and improved patient safety. To investigate age-related differences, the study will include three distinct age groups.

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending dose study in healthy subjects to evaluate the safety, tolerability, PK, and PD of SYH2061.

This trial adopts a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation design to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of HEC-007 Injection after single-dose administration in healthy subjects and multiple-dose administration in overweight or obese subjects. The trial consists of two parts: Part A is a single ascending dose (SAD) study, planning to enroll 54 Chinese healthy subjects; Part B is a multiple ascending dose (MAD) study, planning to enroll 72 Chinese overweight or obese subjects.