High-risk Prostate Cancer

High-risk prostate cancer is usually treated with a combination of radiation therapy and hormone therapy (ADT). Radiation destroys cancer cells, while ADT lowers testosterone, a hormone that prostate cancer cells need to grow. Together, these treatments help control the cancer. ADT is usually given for 18 to 24 months, but it can cause side effects that may affect quality of life. Some people with high-risk prostate cancer may do just as well with a shorter course of ADT. This study will identify people who are most likely to benefit from shorter treatment using imaging scans and tumor tests. It will then evaluate whether a shorter course of ADT works as well as the standard treatment while reducing long-term side effects.

The purpose of the study is to explore the best ways of giving radiation therapy to balance cancer control and treatment side effects.

This is a single-arm, phase II study of neoadjuvant combination therapy of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT), \[Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist Leuprolide\], androgen receptor (AR)-antagonist Darolutamide and Pembrolizumab in a stratified high-risk localized prostate cancer cohort, followed by adjuvant treatment with Pembrolizumab (12 cycles) post-radical prostatectomy (RP). Patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer (localized or locally advanced) (defined as Gleason ≥8, disease stage \>=cT3a, or PSA l \>20 ng/mL) will be risk-stratified at a biopsy using Decipher, a commercial standard-of-care diagnostic assay. Patients satisfying all three criteria of high-risk genomic characteristics listed below as per the Decipher grid results will be enrolled in the study: 1. Decipher Genomic classifier, GC\>0.6 2. AR activity score/AR-output gene signature (ARoS)\>11.0 3. High Luminal B score/ PAM50 subtype signature

This research study is for men with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer who are planning to receive hormone therapy and radiation treatment. The purpose of the study is to see whether a special type of diagnostic imaging done during hormone therapy can help doctors more accurately target remaining cancer with radiation, while avoiding areas that may no longer need extra treatment. All participants will receive standard hormone therapy and radiation therapy, along with three imaging scans, over a six-month period. The information gained from this study may help make prostate cancer radiation treatment more precise and reduce side effects for future patients.

The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the efficacy of adaptive prostate Stereotatic Body RadioTherapy (SBRT), which integrates both Whole Pelvic RadioTherapy (WPRT) and dose escalation on the Dominant Intraprostatic Lesion (DIL), compared with standard radiotherapy. This will be assessed using a 5-year cost-utility analysis based on data from the clinical trial and the National Health Data System (NHDS).

This prospective, multicenter study aims to evaluate the clinical utility of serial PSMA PET for therapy monitoring in patients with newly diagnosed clinically significant prostate cancer. Clinically significant prostate cancer is defined as Gleason score ≥7.Patients will undergo baseline PSMA PET/CT prior to any treatment. A second PSMA PET/CT will be performed either at PSA recurrence (PSA rise ≥2 ng/mL above nadir after radiotherapy or biochemical progression per PCWG3 criteria) or at a fixed time window of 12-24 months after treatment completion for those without biochemical recurrence. Primary Outcome: 1\. Absolute and relative change in SUVmax from baseline to follow-up PSMA PET, correlated with treatment response categories (complete response, partial response, stable disease, progressive disease) defined by a composite reference standard (PSA kinetics, conventional imaging, clinical outcomes). \[Time Frame: Baseline and follow-up (up to 24 months)\] Secondary Outcomes: 1. Absolute and relative change in the number of PSMA-avid lesions (primary tumor, nodal, bone metastases) as a supportive exploratory endpoint. 2. Proportion of patients with treatment strategy change following serial PSMA PET. 3. Agreement between PSMA PET response (≥30% decrease in SUVmax) and PSA50 response (≥50% PSA decline) using Cohen's kappa. 4. Agreement between PSMA PET response and PSA90 response (≥90% PSA decline). 5. Prognostic value of baseline and follow-up PSMA PET parameters for progression-free survival (PFS). 6. Prognostic value of baseline and follow-up PSMA PET parameters for time to castration resistance (ADT-treated patients only). 7. Subgroup analyses by treatment type (radiotherapy, ADT, chemotherapy), baseline disease burden (oligometastatic vs. polymetastatic), and Gleason grade group (≤7 vs. ≥8). 8. Inter-reader agreement for PSMA-avid lesion counts. \[Time Frame: Up to 2 years, except inter-reader agreement at baseline\] Need: Current treatment response evaluation relies on PSA changes and conventional imaging, which lack sensitivity and accuracy for early assessment. PSMA PET has demonstrated superior sensitivity for detecting prostate cancer lesions, but its role in longitudinal therapy monitoring remains undefined, with no specific regulatory approval for this indication. Prospective data on serial PSMA PET to guide treatment decisions in patients with clinically significant prostate cancer (Gleason score ≥7) are urgently needed. Inclusion Criteria: 1. Newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed clinically significant prostate cancer with Gleason score ≥7. 2. Planned curative-intent or systemic therapy. 3. Baseline PSMA PET performed prior to any treatment. 4. Age ≥18 years. 5. Written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Prior prostate cancer treatment before baseline PSMA PET. 2. Contraindication to PSMA PET imaging. 3. Other active malignancy within past two years (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer). 4. Unable to comply with follow-up schedule.

There is evidence that Actinium-225 Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (225Ac-PSMA) has a potentially higher level of efficacy than 177 Lutetium Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (177Lu-PSMA) as a radioligand therapy. This single center, pilot study will compare differences in the mechanisms of actinium-225 and lutetium-177 radioligand therapies (RLT) in participants with high or very high risk localized or locoregional prostate cancer planning on undergoing a prostatectomy.

The purpose of this study is to learn about how an investigational drug intervention completed before doing prostate surgery (specifically, radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection) may help in treatment of high risk localized prostate cancers that are most resistant to standard treatments. This is a phase II research study. For this study, capivasertib, the study drug, will be taken with intensified androgen deprivation drugs (iADT; abiraterone and leuprolide) prior to radical prostatectomy. This study drug treatment will be evaluated to see if it is effective in shrinking and destroying prostate cancer tumors prior to surgery and to further evaluate its safety prior to prostate cancer surgery.

This is an open-label, non-randomized, exploratory platform protocol designed to assess the safety and antitumor activity of epigenetic therapies in participants with localized prostate cancer who are undergoing radical prostatectomy. The epigenetic therapy is intended to increase the sensitivity of the underlying tumor to the patient's immune system. The platform study will evaluate safety, biomarkers, and clinical activity of an epigenetic therapy. The particular details relevant to each module within this platform study will be provided as appendices to the core protocol.

Recent evidence suggests that both standard-time and delayed-time \[⁶⁸Ga\]Ga-PSMA PET acquisitions can reveal clinically relevant findings, and neither phase should be excluded a priori in routine practice. This study evaluates a streamlined dual-phase protocol consisting of: * A standard whole-body PET/CT acquisition performed 60 minutes after radiotracer administration. * A delayed pelvic PET-only acquisition performed 90 minutes post-injection, reconstructed using the attenuation-correction CT (CT/AC) obtained from the initial whole-body scan. Because the prostate gland and pelvic lymph nodes exhibit minimal physiological mobility, accurate PET-CT anatomical correspondence can be maintained through careful patient repositioning, without repeating the CT scan. The main advantage of this protocol is a reduction in patient radiation exposure, as the delayed phase does not require a second CT scan. It also reduces in-department time and maintains diagnostic quality of PET interpretation, provided that the PET-CT alignment remains acceptable. This method may additionally enhance workflow efficiency in the Nuclear Medicine Unit by allowing early identification-based on predefined clinical parameters-of patients most likely to benefit from delayed pelvic imaging.

This is a multi-disciplinary collaboration between urologists, oncologists and nuclear medicine physicians from Beilinson hospital at Rabin Medical Center to address the major therapeutic challenge of locally advanced prostate cancer. Our aim is to evaluate the use of a novel treatment (Tb-PSMA) prior to the surgical removal of the prostate. This treatment has already shown initial promising results in patients with metastatic prostate cancer but has never been tested for locally advanced disease before surgery.

Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy and the 5th common cause of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide. The majority of patients with PCa is diagnosed with potentially curable disease and its management includes different approaches, such as surgery, Radiation Therapy (RT) and Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT), for exclusive use or in combination each other. Randomized clinical trials have shown that moderate hypofractionated RT (i.e., 2.5-4 Gy per fraction) has become a valid alternative to conventionally fractionated RT in patients with PCa. The rationale of hypofractionation is based on the strong radiobiological evidence of the low α/β ratio of PCa cells (1.5-2 Gy) and the greater sensitivity to high dose per fraction. Data suggests that prostate Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) is an alternative treatment strategy for localized PCa with promising results in terms of disease control and toxicity, not inferior to conventionally fractionated RT. A systematic review of over 6000 men underwent prostate SBRT on prospective studies has demonstrated that this treatment provides favorable patient's quality of life, excellent disease control, and results in minimal serious acute or late toxicity. Almost all the published studies, investigated the role of SBRT for organ-confined low- and intermediate favorable-risk disease. However, the HYPO-RT-PC trial addressed the role of SBRT in the context of unfavorable localized PCa. In this non-inferiority, phase III multicenter trial 1200 patients with either intermediate or high risk PCa were enrolled. The aim of the study was to demonstrate that SBRT (42.7 Gy in 7 fractions, 3 days per week, for 2.5 weeks) is non-inferior to conventional fractionation (78 Gy in 39 fractions, 5 days per week for 8 weeks) regarding failure-free survival, without significant differences in late normal tissues complications. Failure-free survival at 5 years was 84% in both treatment arms; adjusted HR was 1.002, hence ultra-hypofractionation was found to be non-inferior to conventional fractionated RT (given HR limit = 1.338). These results paved the way for the use of SBRT even in patients with unfavorable PCa. One controversial issue is the role of ADT in the setting of SBRT for localized PCa: in conventionally fractionated schedules, short term (4-6 months) and long term (1.5-3 years) ADT are considered the standard of care for unfavorable intermediate and high-risk PCa, respectively. However, in a systematic review/meta-analysis no benefit was found for ADT added to SBRT and similar results were reported also by King et al. in a retrospective study on over 1000 patients. The PACE C trial is one of three cohort of PACE that is multicenter, international phase 3 randomized controlled study. PACE C is set to explore the efficacy of SBRT in combination with ADT for patients with unfavorable intermediate and high-risk PCa and will recruit 1182 patients who will be randomized to receive either hypofractionated RT (60 Gy in 20 fractions) or SBRT delivered with 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions. In this scenario, our study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SBRT (40 Gy in 5 fractions every other day) coupled with ADT (relugolix 18-24 monthsaccording to clinical care) in patients with localized high-risk PCa.

This is a phase 2, open-label, randomized study of adjuvant treatment in subjects with high-risk prostate cancer who are candidates for RP with PLND based on M0 status at conventional imaging, but staged as oligometastatic with PSMA PET/CT (performed as routine practice, according to recent evidence on high-risk prostate cancer patients). Ninety-four subjects will receive apalutamide plus ADT or ADT alone after surgery. ADT is defined as medical castration (ie, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues \[GnRHa, agonist or antagonist\]). Subjects will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive apalutamide plus ADT or ADT alone. Patients randomized to receive ADT + apalutamide or ADT alone will begin their adjuvant treatment 4 weeks (28 to 32 days) after surgery. A first dosage of PSA and testosterone will be performed just before starting adjuvant therapy but not before 28 days from surgery. Subsequently, PSA and testosterone dosage and clinical visits will be performed after 3 months from surgery and every 3 months until completion of study. PSMA PET/CT scan will be performed yearly, or in case of PSA progression. The Posttreatment Follow-up Phase will begin after 18 months of ADT and will last for 6 months, until study completion. Afterwards, patients will continue their follow-up according to the best clinical practice.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if the vaccine FK-PC101 works to delay or prevent the return of prostate cancer in men who have had surgery to remove their prostate cancer. It will also learn about the safety of FK-PC101. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does FK-PC101 delay or prevent the return of prostate cancer following surgery? What medical problems do participants (subjects) have when taking FK-PC101? Researchers will compare FK-PC101 to current treatment practice to see if FK-PC101 works to prevent or delay the return of prostate cancer following surgery to remove the prostate cancer tumor. Subjects will: Have a sample of the prostate cancer tissue collected at the time of surgery to remove this tissue from the body. This tissue will then be used to create a personalized vaccine that is specific to your prostate cancer. If randomly selected to receive the vaccine, subjects will receive the vaccine up to 7 times over a 6-month period. In addition to the treatment visits for those randomized to receive FK-PC101, there will be up to 4 follow up visits to the clinic over a 22-month (nearly 2 year) period. For subjects randomized to receive current treatment practice, they will be asked to attend up to 8 visits over 22 months to track if there is any detectable cancer. Should their prostate cancer return within a year following surgery, they will be eligible to receive FK-PC101, which already had been produced and thus no additional tumor tissue would need to be obtained. Subjects in both study arms will have regular blood tests and scans to test whether their prostate cancer has returned.

This is a prospective, multicenter, multi-arm, non-randomized, open-label clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant intense endocrine therapy for high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer.