Orthopedic Surgery

The purpose of this study is to determine how patient nutrition effects post-operative outcomes for patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery

This study investigates whether an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program can help orthopedic surgery patients feel less anxious before their operation and recover better one year after surgery, compared to conventional (standard) surgical care. Patients who undergo orthopedic surgery, such as joint replacement, often experience significant anxiety before the operation. While ERAS programs, which combine patient education, pain management, and early mobilization, have been shown to shorten hospital stays and reduce complications, less is known about whether they also reduce preoperative anxiety and lead to better long-term outcomes reported by patients themselves. In this prospective cohort study, patients receiving ERAS care will be compared with patients receiving conventional care. Preoperative anxiety will be measured using a validated questionnaire (APAIS). Clinical recovery during hospitalization, including length of stay, pain scores, and opioid use, will also be recorded. Patients will then be followed for one year to assess their quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) and their own impression of overall improvement (Patient Global Impression of Change). The goal of this study is to determine whether ERAS not only improves short-term surgical recovery, but also reduces preoperative anxiety and leads to better long-term, patient-centered outcomes.

Patients were enrolled according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following surgical admission, standard monitoring was initiated, including continuous assessment of heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram (ECG), and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO₂). A peripheral intravenous line was established. Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring was performed continuously using a BIS monitor to assess frontal lobe electroencephalographic activity. Based on the type of surgical procedure, regional nerve block was administered. Upon confirmation of adequate block efficacy, patients were assigned to treatment groups according to sealed envelope randomization, and corresponding intravenous sedative regimens were initiated. Sedative induction agents were administered as follows: Group A received remimazolam at 0.08 mg/kg; Group B received dexmedetomidine at 1 μg/kg over 10 minutes; Group C received midazolam at 0.05 mg/kg. Maintenance infusions were as follows: Group A received remimazolam at 1 mg/kg·h; Group B received dexmedetomidine at 0.2-0.7 μg/kg·h; for Group C, if consciousness was not sufficiently suppressed with the initial dose, midazolam was supplemented in increments of 0.01 mg/kg, not exceeding a total dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Following induction, sedation depth was assessed every 2 minutes using the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S) scale, with auditory stimulation applied every 30 seconds until the patient no longer responded. The time to loss of response to auditory stimuli and the time to loss of consciousness were recorded. Surgical intervention was then performed. Ten minutes prior to anticipated completion of surgery, sedative infusion was discontinued. Sedation depth was reassessed every 2 minutes using the OAA/S scale, with repeated auditory stimulation every 30 seconds to determine the time to return of response and time to recovery of consciousness. If the patient had not achieved an OAA/S score of 5 within 30 minutes after discontinuation of sedation, flumazenil was administered as a reversal agent. Once the OAA/S score reached 5 or spontaneous responses to auditory stimuli were observed-indicating transition back to a responsive state-and complete electroencephalographic data had been collected, no further intervention was required.

The study aims to assess whether the transverse diameter of the right common femoral vein (RCFV) in the inguinal region could reflect the degree of post-spinal hypotension during elective orthopedic surgery.

This study aims to compare two medications, dexmedetomidine and fentanyl, when used alongside a commonly used spinal anesthetic called bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower limb surgery. The main focus of the study is to see which combination causes fewer problems with urination after surgery - a condition known as postoperative urinary retention (POUR). POUR can lead to discomfort, delayed recovery, and a need for catheterization. Dexmedetomidine is a newer drug that may help reduce this problem compared to fentanyl, which is more commonly used but may increase the risk of urinary retention. This trial will help determine which medication combination provides better pain relief while reducing urinary side effects. The study is being conducted as a randomized, double-blind trial at a hospital in Nepal and will include 190 adult patients. \-

This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial investigates the efficacy of a sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg IV) in preventing post-spinal hypotension in patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgeries under spinal anesthesia. The study compares ketamine with placebo (normal saline) in terms of blood pressure stability and incidence of hypotensive episodes following spinal anesthesia.

This research will be conducted as a randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of earplugs and eye masks used after orthopedic surgery on comfort and quality of recovery. This study is a single-center, parallel-group, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial. This study will be conducted with 60 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery between June 2025 and October 2025. Participants will be randomized into two equal groups as the intervention group (n=30) and the control group (n=30). The patients in the experimental group will be administered the "Informed Consent Form" and the "Patient Introduction Form" after obtaining permission before surgery. Patients will be given an eye mask and earplugs on the nights following surgery and will be ensured to use them correctly. The "General Comfort Scale" and the "Quality of Recovery Questionnaire (Qor-40)" will be administered 24 and 48 hours after surgery. The patients in the control group will also be administered the "Informed Consent Form" and the "Patient Introduction Form" after obtaining permission before surgery. The "General Comfort Scale" and the "Quality of Recovery Questionnaire (Qor-40)" will be administered 24 and 48 hours after surgery. At the end of the study, the difference between the groups will be evaluated. In the analysis of this study, descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk test, Chi-square test, t-test in independent groups, ANOVA test in repeated measures will be used. The main questions it aims to answer: Do earplugs and eye masks used after orthopedic surgery have an effect on comfort level? Do earplugs and eye masks used after orthopedic surgery have an effect on the quality of recovery?

The pain felt after orthopedic surgery in the absence of adequate locoregional anesthesia is often insufficiently controlled, especially during the first 24 hours postoperatively. Methadone, due to its long half-life, may provide better pain control after orthopedic surgery when associated locoregional anesthesia cannot be performed. It may be impossible to perform loco-regional anesthesia in various contexts: patient refusal, pre-existing neurological impairment, infection at the injection site, coagulopathies, inability to cooperate, total language barrier, allergy to anesthetics, unavailability of equipment (ultrasound, etc.) or equipped room, lack of experience of nursing staff in performing the block and in the postoperative management of the patient. Intraoperative administration of methadone in these settings may be superior to sufentanil for pain control during the 24 hours post orthopedic surgery, and the pain control provided by methadone does not appear to imply a higher likelihood of adverse events related to opioids.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether time-restricted feeding, a form of intermittent fasting, before surgery improves insulin resistance around the time of surgery, compared to carbohydrate drinks and standard fasting before surgery.

This study will focus on orthopedic surgery patients from high-altitude regions, utilizing smart wearables and monitoring tools to gather perioperative data, including heart rate, oxygen saturation, sleep quality, stress levels, and other relevant metrics. Regular follow-ups will assess recovery and complications, in addition to collecting medical records, lab results, imaging data, and other pertinent records. The ultimate goal is to establish a comprehensive follow-up cohort of orthopedic surgery patients from high-altitude areas.

The optic nerve sheath is a continuation of the dura mater, extending along the subarachnoid space surrounding the optic nerve. Consequently, changes in intracranial pressure cause an augmentation or contraction in the diameter of the optic nerve sheath, which is coreleted with intracranial pressure. Participants undergoing lower extremity operations (ankle, distal tibia and fibula surgeries) using a tourniquet under spinal anesthesia will be investigated. Spinal anesthesia will be performed with a 25 G Whitacre, 25 G Quincke, or 27 G Quincke needle, depending on the study group. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurements will be performed before spinal anesthesia; and 5 minutes, 15 minutes,,24 hours after spinal block, respectively.The 4th measurement will be performed after tourniquet is opened. Measurements will be done with 15 MHz linear ultrasound (US) probe in B mode, 3 mm behind the posterior globe in the transverse plane from both eyes, on upper eyelid. Values will be recorded numerically. The impact of spinal anesthesia administered using various needle designs (Quincke and Whitacre) and sizes (25G-27G) on intracranial pressure will be investigated.