Pain (Visceral, Somatic, or Neuropathic)

This study is a prospective, three-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological sound-based interventions on pain and anxiety in pediatric patients. The study will be conducted at a university hospital with 150 children aged 6-12 years who require peripheral intravenous (IV) catheterization. Participants will be randomly assigned to three groups: a white noise group, a pink noise group, or a control group (standard care). Sound interventions (white or pink noise at 50-55 dB) will be administered via noise-canceling headphones for 5 minutes before and during the IV procedure. The primary outcomes will be pain levels assessed by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, and anxiety levels assessed by the Children's Fear and Anxiety Scale (CFAS). The study aims to provide evidence-based, safe, and cost-effective alternatives to pharmacological pain management in pediatric clinical procedures.

Anorectal surgery is a type of surgery that can cause anal pain, particularly in the context of hemorrhoid surgery or anal fissure surgery. Generally, the period of discomfort related to the pain lasts about two weeks. There is a nerve (the vagus nerve) whose stimulation via a probe placed in the ear can reduce stress and chronic pain. Its ease of use makes it a promising tool for treating pain. Vagal auricular stimulation could be an interesting option in the management of postoperative pain of the anus and rectum. Its efficacy or feasibility in this context has never been evaluated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility in this context and to assess the extend of pain reduction associated with perioperative nerve vagus stimulation by a medical device (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (TENS ECO Plus)). It is offered to adult patients undergoing transanal anal or rectal surgery on an outpatient or inpatient basis as part of a scheduled procedure. Patients to be included in the study are selected during the initial pre-operative consultation with the surgeon. Once the surgical indication is confirmed and the patient fulfills the study eligibility criteria, the investigator provides them with oral information about the study. The patient is also given an information sheet (written in language understandable to the patient) and a consent form. During this initial visit, demographic data and information regarding the surgical indication are collected. Stimulation begins two days before surgery (twice daily), followed by stimulation on the morning of surgery, one hour before arrival in the operating room. Successful completion of the stimulation, as well as any complications, are recorded in the patient diary. On the day of surgery (day 0), data concerning the procedure and the maximum visual analogue scale (VAS) are collected in the recovery room. Analgesic consumption is also recorded. On the evening of the procedure, stimulation is performed and adherence is recorded. Maximum and mean VAS are collected on postoperative day 1 and then daily in the patient diary for 15 days. Vagus nerve stimulation is performed morning and evening for 15 days. VAS scores, adherence, analgesic consumption, the date of the first bowel movement and its painfulness, as well as any complications related to the stimulation are noted in the patient diary. On day 3 (+/- 2 days) after the procedure, and at the end of the 15-day postoperative period, the patient will be contacted by phone or text message by the investigator team to remind them to complete the notebook. On day 30 (+/- 5 days), the patient returns for a follow-up visit. The patient diary and equipment are collected. Complications are recorded, as well as quality of life during the postoperative month (SF-36 form). For patients, the expected benefits are significant, as postoperative quality of life is expected to improve through reduced pain. Furthermore, decreasing the use of step II and III analgesics should shorten the recovery period and promote better overall recovery.

This research study is testing two self-care approaches that may help prevent or reduce period pain in young females with recurrent painful menstrual cramps. Participants will be placed by chance into 1 of 3 groups: auricular acupressure, Baduanjin qigong, or a self-care education comparison group. The auricular acupressure and Baduanjin groups will receive online training and then practice the treatment on their own for 12 weeks. The main question is whether these two approaches can reduce the severity of menstrual pain. The study will also look at whether they can improve other symptoms that often happen with period pain, such as tiredness, poor sleep, anxiety, low mood, trouble concentrating, and reduced physical function. Researchers will also study stool and blood-related biological markers to better understand whether changes in gut bacteria and body metabolism may be linked to symptom improvement. A total of 145 participants will take part in the study at NTU, and any side effects or other safety concerns will be checked every week.

Despite high success rates of hip and knee arthroplasty, up to 20% of patients report moderate-to-severe pain (NRS \> 3) persisting beyond the expected healing period. This investigator-initiated, descriptive cohort study will re-invite approximately 100 consenting patients with persistent postoperative pain-identified from a pool of \~7 000 respondents-to complete standardized assessments of neuropathic (DN4), nociplastic (IASP criteria + Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire) and nociceptive (KOOS/HOOS pain domains) pain. Primary outcomes are the prevalence of potential nociplastic pain and the proportion experiencing significant pain in two or more mechanistic categories. Secondary analyses will compare baseline vs. re-evaluated DN4 scores, FSQ and KOOS/HOOS distributions, and examine differences between patients with and without possible neuropathic pain. Findings will inform targeted pre- and postoperative pain management strategies.

This randomised control trial will compare the efficacy of conventional buccal nerve block versus buccal trunk block using visual analogue scale to evaluate pain and additional anesthesia injection during extraction of mandibular molars.

This randomized controlled trial will compare the effectiveness of adding distolingual infiltration to conventional inferior alveolar and buccal nerve blocks for mandibular third molar extraction. A total of 120 patients will be allocated into two groups. Pain during flap elevation and bone guttering will be assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale.

This randomized controlled trial evaluates postoperative pain and facial swelling following surgical removal of partially impacted mandibular third molars using flap versus flapless techniques. The aim is to determine which method results in lower postoperative morbidity on the second postoperative day.