Pediatric Trauma

Pediatric trauma often leads to hemorrhagic shock, which reduces blood flow to the digestive tract and delays gastric emptying. This delay can cause fluid and food to remain in the stomach, increasing the risk of pulmonary aspiration during urgent airway management or emergency anesthesia. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a bedside, non-invasive tool that allows clinicians to evaluate stomach contents and estimate gastric volume in real time. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate whether restoring systemic blood flow through hemodynamic resuscitation improves gastric emptying and decreases gastric residual volume in injured children. Participants aged 2 to 7 years presenting to the emergency department with trauma and hemorrhagic shock will receive standard resuscitation according to pediatric advanced life support guidelines. Bedside gastric ultrasound will be performed to measure the antral cross-sectional area and calculate gastric residual volume before resuscitation begins, immediately following initial resuscitation, and every 6 hours for up to 48 hours. Ultrasound procedures are observational and will not delay any standard trauma care or urgent surgical interventions.

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the safety and accuracy of ultrasound as a screening tool to detect broken bones (fractures) in the elbow area in children and youth aged 5 to 15 years. The main question it aims to answer is: \- Can ultrasound reliably show that there is a fracture in the elbow area after an accident? Participants will: * Have an ultrasound of their elbow to look for fluid in the joint. * Have standard X-rays of their elbow to check if there is a fracture. * Have their medical records checked and answer a phone call 6 weeks later to see how their elbow has healed (only if no fracture was found during the first visit).