Retention

This study aims to investigate the relationship between facial type and relapse of dentition post-orthodontically during the retention phase. According to the retention theorem "teeth which have been moved through orthodontic treatment tend to naturally return to their original position. It is hypothesized that significant differences will exist in tooth movement patterns between horizontal and vertical growers, with horizontal growers exhibiting more pronounced tooth movement in the vertical plane particularly in the overbite as compared to the vertical growers . Furthermore, it is expected that facial type will influence the stability of orthodontic treatment outcomes, with long-faced individuals showing more relapse of mandibular incisor alignment and crowding. By exploring this relationship, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the factors influencing orthodontic treatment outcomes and stability. With long-faced individuals exhibiting more mandibular backward rotation and short-faced individuals showing forward rotation, which increases the risk of deep bite . Additionally, understanding these factors is crucial for orthodontists to predict and prevent potential relapse, ensuring optimal treatment results and long-term stability. Hence, the present trial will be undertaken to assess the changes and compare If there is any difference in tooth movement in 3-Dimensional superimposition in the dentition in horizontal and vertical growers post orthodontically over a period of retention phase.

There is a need to identify strategies that improve the conduct of clinical trials involving family members of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate recruitment and retention strategies for clinical trials involving family members of ICU patients. 4 strategies (2 recruitment and 2 retention) will be tested. Investigators will integrate the strategies into three existing studies that involve family members of ICU patients. Participants will be randomized using a 2x2 factorial design. The co-primary outcomes are recruitment percentage (participants enrolled/participants approached) and retention percentage (participants completing follow-up/participants enrolled).

patients with non carious cervical lesions suffer from dentin sensitivity and presence of cavitations and gingival recession. Restoring these lesions with different composites and evaluation of restorations every 6 months will be done to know the effect of different composite types and consistencies in retention of restorations of such lesions.