Skin to Skin Contact

This observational study aims to compare mean arterial pressure measurements obtained using an ankle blood pressure cuff with those obtained using a standard upper-arm cuff in pregnant individuals undergoing elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. The primary objective is to determine the level of agreement between the two measurement sites.The main question\[s\] it aims to answer \[is/are\]: Demonstrate that the mean arterial pressure is similar between arm and ankle with the blood pressure cuff Every participant will be their own control. (Measurements will be taken at both sites on every participant)

To determine the effects of skin-to-skin contact at birth on birth outcomes (placental delivery time, postpartum pain level, time of first breastfeeding, and breastfeeding motivation) and on postpartum parenting behavior.

This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effect of consecutive skin-to-skin contact applied by the mother and father on breastfeeding parameters and parent-infant bonding in babies born by cesarean section. The study includes two groups: an intervention group receiving consecutive skin-to-skin contact by the father followed by the mother, and a control group receiving routine postnatal care. Breastfeeding success and parental bonding will be assessed using validated measurement tools during the early postnatal period and follow-up.

This is a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial study to investigate short- and long-term effects of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact in healthy term infants, in order to provide supporting data for emphasizing mother-infant skin contact and family-centered care in South Korea.

A 2016 Cochrane Review shows that skin-to-skin contact promotes breastfeeding and strengthens mother-infant bonding. For the mother, skin-to-skin contact was found to promote early separation of the placenta, reduce postpartum haemorrhage, increase breastfeeding self-efficacy, reduce stress levels and promote oxytocin release. For the infant, it has been revealed that it provides important benefits such as decreased postnatal stress, improved thermoregulation, shortened crying time and increased breastfeeding success. In line with this information, it is hypothesised that Galvanic Skin Response can be used to objectively evaluate the psychological and mental effects of early skin-to-skin contact on the mother and newborn after birth. The findings of this study will contribute to clinical practice by providing scientific evidence for neonatal care.

This study is a multi-center, prospective pre-post clinical study conducted under the leadership of the Turkish Neonatal Society. It aims to investigate the effects of a standardized skin-to-skin care in NICU, initiated early and applied regularly, on recieving exclusive mothers' milk at discharge and clinical outcomes for preterm infants born ≤ 32 weeks of gestation. 1. Primary Objective: To evaluate the rate of receiving exclusive mothers' milk at discharge for infants born ≤ 32 weeks of gestation who have received skin-to-skin care in accordance with the study protocol. 2. Secondary Objective: To evaluate the rates of neonatal sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis (stage 2 and above) as well as the length of hospital stay for infants born at or below 32 weeks of gestation who have received skin-to-skin care in accordance with the study protocol.