Clinical trials

This study aims to evaluate the effects of using virtual reality headsets and play cards during the administration of inhaler medication in pediatric patients. The primary goal is to determine how these distraction methods influence children's fear, anxiety levels, and physiological parameters (such as heart rate and oxygen saturation). The study population consists of pediatric patients aged between 4 and 6 years. Data collection for the targeted sample size of 150 children commenced in September, and the recruitment process is currently ongoing.Children receiving inhaler treatments often experience fear and anxiety, which can negatively affect their treatment compliance and vital signs. In this study, participants are divided into different groups to compare the effectiveness of virtual reality headsets and traditional play cards as distraction tools.

Breathing is a vital process that occurs automatically, but it can also be voluntarily controlled to achieve specific goals, especially preventive and therapeutic ones. Slow breathing has been reported to have many physical and mental health benefits. The activation of the sympathetic system during inhalation and the increase in heart rate, as well as the activation of the parasympathetic system during exhalation and the resulting decrease in heart rate variability, can be affected by breathing exercises. The physiological effects associated with breathing exercises vary depending on the type of exercise performed. Therefore, investigating and comparing the clinical effects and contributions of different breathing exercises will shed light on which breathing exercises should be preferred in different situations. This study aims to examine the effects of diaphragmatic breathing, square breathing technique, alternative nostril breathing exercises, and diaphragmatic breathing exercises on respiratory function parameters and heart rate variability, and to compare these different breathing exercises. Healthy individuals aged 18-30 years from the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation at Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University will be invited to participate in the study. For the study, a sample size of 40 was determined in the "G\*Power" analysis system with a moderate effect size according to Cohen, a statistical significance threshold of 5% (alpha level = 0.05), and 80% power (Cohen, J.; 2013), allowing for evaluation of the four groups before the training program, immediately after the first session (acute effect), and after the training program (6 weeks). To account for potential dropouts, the target is to reach 44 participants, which is 10% more than the calculated sample size. Power calculations will be performed during the study process, and revisions regarding sample size will be made if necessary. Participants will be randomized using a sealed envelope randomization method. Respiratory function tests (FVC-FEV1- FEV1/FVC- FEF- PEF) will be performed using a COSMED Pony FX portable spirometer to evaluate participants' respiratory functions. Heart rate variability will be assessed by taking a 5-minute measurement using a Polar H10 device. Four different breathing exercise groups will be created, and participants will undergo diaphragmatic breathing exercises, square breathing technique exercises, alternative nostril breathing exercises, and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization-based breathing exercises for 6 weeks, with sessions lasting 20 minutes, four times a week. The initial session will be conducted face-to-face, while subsequent sessions will be conducted online (via zoom/video calls/Google Meet, etc.). Assessments will be conducted three times: at baseline, immediately after the first session (acute effect), and after the 6-week training program, and will be performed face-to-face.

The effect of kinesiotaping on pain and functionality in isolated meniscus injuries.

The aim of this study was to epidemiologically evaluate patients diagnosed with spinal cord injury who were admitted to our clinic over the last five years and, unlike similar studies, to investigate the presence of complications in these patients. The investigators hope that this study will contribute to the literature by raising awareness of spinal cord injury epidemiology and potential complications.

This study aimed to evaluate postural control, balance, and fine motor skills in children followed up with a diagnosis of specific learning disabilities.

Osteoporosis (OP) is defined as a progressive metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture of bone tissue, resulting in increased bone fragility and a higher risk of fractures. Osteoporosis and related fractures constitute a significant public health problem in our increasingly aging world. It is currently estimated that more than 200 million people worldwide are affected by osteoporosis. The most important clinical outcome of osteoporosis is fragility fractures that occur as a result of low-energy trauma. Health literacy is an important determinant of both individual and public health and is considered a fundamental component of patient-centered care. Health literacy is defined as the ability to obtain, process, and understand relevant health information in order to make appropriate health decisions, and limited health literacy is recognized as a global public health problem. Many patients have difficulty understanding their medical conditions, medications, and care instructions due to inadequate health literacy. Patients with limited health literacy often have insufficient understanding of diagnostic and treatment protocols, which poses a risk for potential misuse of healthcare services and poorer health outcomes. Low levels of health literacy are also associated with increased hospital admissions and higher mortality rates. In contrast, higher health literacy is associated with greater health knowledge and self-confidence. Screening for the prevention of osteoporosis and related fractures can reduce fracture-associated mortality and morbidity. Such screening may be initiated by physicians through the evaluation of osteoporosis risk factors during clinical visits, or in some cases, based on patient demand, again guided by the physician's assessment of risk factors. One of the most important factors influencing patient demand is the level of osteoporosis awareness. Early diagnosis and treatment in at-risk patient groups before fractures occur can help prevent potential complications. In recent years, numerous scientific studies have investigated levels of osteoporosis knowledge and awareness. Some of these studies have focused on specific populations, such as individuals with spinal cord injury, rheumatoid arthritis, or patients followed after osteoporotic fractures, while others have been conducted exclusively among women. With increasing life expectancy and the growth of the elderly population, osteoporosis has become a more prominent health issue and is no longer limited to postmenopausal women, but rather represents a serious health problem affecting individuals of both sexes. The aim of the present study is to assess health literacy and the level of osteoporosis awareness among individuals in the age group at risk for osteoporosis and to identify factors influencing these outcomes. One of the distinguishing features of our study compared to previous research is the inclusion of both sexes. Another distinguishing aspect is the emphasis on the indication for osteoporosis screening in older adults, even in the absence of obvious risk factors such as chronic disease, medication use, or a history of fractures. We hope that our study will contribute to the existing literature on osteoporosis, health literacy, and osteoporosis awareness.

Action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) interventions are frequently employed both in the rehabilitation process following orthopedic injuries and surgeries, with aims such as reducing pain and increasing joint range of motion, as well as in the rehabilitation of neurological disorders to restore motor functions and achieve functional independence. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that AO and MI training can exert positive effects on motor performance and neurophysiological activation. Notably, when AO and MI training are applied in combination, it has been suggested that they produce a more pronounced impact on motor performance and support motor learning processes. The effects of these techniques have generally been evaluated following long-term interventions, and there is limited data in the literature regarding their effects after a single session. Furthermore, it has been shown in the literature that action observation and motor imagery training can elicit cortical activation. However, current scientific evidence concerning the peripheral effects of these interventions remains limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the acute effects of a single session of action observation and motor imagery training on upper extremity balance, muscle oxygenation, and fatigue in asymptomatic young adult males

Rotator cuff lesions are among the most common problems within musculoskeletal disorders. The prevalence of these lesions increases with age, and they encompass a wide spectrum of various injuries and pathological conditions. The literature frequently reports that such lesions often lead to pain, decreased functional capacity, and a reduction in quality of life. Although some of these lesions are traumatic in origin, the majority of rotator cuff problems are degenerative due to age-related changes in tendon structure. Recent scientific studies have indicated that core stability may be a significant factor in such musculoskeletal problems. Adequate core stabilization not only minimizes the load on the vertebral column but also enhances the strength and endurance of peripheral joints and facilitates the transfer of energy to distal segments. Given that rotator cuff lesions can adversely affect upper extremity functions and potentially result in reduced core stability, we hypothesize that they may negatively influence reaction time and hand-eye coordination, which are essential for the effective execution of motor tasks. To date, no studies have been identified in the literature investigating the relationship between core stability and reaction time or hand-eye coordination in individuals with rotator cuff lesions. In light of this information, the aim of our planned study is to examine the relationship between core stability and reaction time, hand-eye coordination, pain, and functional status in individuals with rotator cuff lesions and to compare these findings with asymptomatic individuals.

This study was planned to determine the effect of simulation-based training using two different reality levels-visually enhanced mental simulation (VEMS) and hybrid simulation-on postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) management skills in nursing students.

This study is designed to investigate the relationship between foot biomechanics, balance, lower extremity muscle mechanical properties, and vertical jump in young adults. The aim is to highlight the correlations between foot biomechanics and the other parameters, as well as potential outcomes (if any).