Rotator cuff lesions are among the most common problems within musculoskeletal disorders. The prevalence of these lesions increases with age, and they encompass a wide spectrum of various injuries and pathological conditions. The literature frequently reports that such lesions often lead to pain, decreased functional capacity, and a reduction in quality of life. Although some of these lesions are traumatic in origin, the majority of rotator cuff problems are degenerative due to age-related changes in tendon structure.
Recent scientific studies have indicated that core stability may be a significant factor in such musculoskeletal problems. Adequate core stabilization not only minimizes the load on the vertebral column but also enhances the strength and endurance of peripheral joints and facilitates the transfer of energy to distal segments. Given that rotator cuff lesions can adversely affect upper extremity functions and potentially result in reduced core stability, we hypothesize that they may negatively influence reaction time and hand-eye coordination, which are essential for the effective execution of motor tasks.
To date, no studies have been identified in the literature investigating the relationship between core stability and reaction time or hand-eye coordination in individuals with rotator cuff lesions. In light of this information, the aim of our planned study is to examine the relationship between core stability and reaction time, hand-eye coordination, pain, and functional status in individuals with rotator cuff lesions and to compare these findings with asymptomatic individuals.
Having a diagnosis of a rotator cuff lesion confirmed by a physician
Having no history of any surgical procedure related to the shoulder
Experiencing activity-related pain scored as 3 or higher on the Visual Analog Scale
Presence of systemic inflammatory diseases
Pregnancy
Presence of mental health disorders
Individuals with communication difficulties
"Rotator cuff lesions are among the most common problems within musculoskeletal disorders. The prevalence of these lesions increases with age, and they encompass a wide spectrum of various injuries and pathological conditions. The literature frequently reports that these lesions often result in pain, reduced functional capacity, and a decline in quality of life. Although some of these lesions are traumatic in nature, the majority of rotator cuff issues are degenerative due to age-related changes in tendon structure.
Case-control
Cross-sectional
Assessment
Other interventionThere is no intervention in this study. Participants will only undergo assessments.
Modified "Biering-Sorensen" test
Test will be applied to assess the endurance of the core muscles. The subjects are positioned in the prone position. The subjects are asked to extend their upper body straight forward from the edge of the table. How long the patient was able to perform the test was recorded in seconds.
Trunk flexors endurance test
Test will be applied to assess the endurance of the core muscles. Participants will be positioned with trunk flexed to 60º, knees and hips to 90º flexion. The evaluator fixes the feet on the ground by supporting them from the toes. When the 60º trunk flexion is broken, the test will be terminated. How long the patient was able to perform the test was recorded in seconds.
Lateral bridge test
Test will be applied to assess the endurance of the core muscles. The subjects were asked to lie on their side, raise their bodies on their forearms and toes and maintain this position(both sides). How long the patient was able to perform the test was recorded in seconds.
Prone bridge test
Test will be applied to assess the endurance of the core muscles. The subjects put their elbows on the ground as the starting position and open their feet about the width of their hips while keeping their body straight. The tests end when the subjects break the test positions. How long the patient was able to perform the test was recorded in seconds.
Reaction Time
In this study, the BlazePod system will be used to measure reaction time. BlazePod is a mobile application-supported system that records response time to visual stimuli with millisecond precision through LED light pods. Prior to the assessment, a pre-test will be conducted to allow participants to adapt to the evaluation process. The right and left sides will be assessed separately. During a 30-second period, the number of extinguished LEDs, the average time to deactivate each LED (in milliseconds), and the number of missed LEDs-defined as those that automatically turn off after the designated waiting period-will be recorded.
Hand-Wall Toss Test
Hand-eye coordination will be assessed using the Hand-Wall Toss Test. During the test, participants will be instructed to stand 2 meters away from the wall and throw a tennis ball at the wall with their right hand, catching it with their left hand, and then alternate hands, continuing this sequence for 30 seconds. The total number of successful wall tosses and catches performed without dropping the ball will be recorded.
Visual Analogue Scale
It is used to assess the severity of pain. Pain severity with Visual Analogue Scale,(0-10) higher scores indicate more pain.
Shoulder Pain and Disability Index
Shoulder function will be assessed using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). The SPADI consists of two sections-pain and disability-with a total of 13 items. Each item is scored on a scale from 0 to 10, and the results are calculated as a percentage. The total score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating worse shoulder functional status.
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Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University
Lead sponsor
Gazi University
Collaborator
