Function

This cross-sectional methodological study aims to examine the test-retest reliability, intrasession reliability, and construct validity of the Cone Evasion Walk (CEW) Test in individuals diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The CEW test is a performance-based clinical assessment that evaluates dynamic balance, obstacle avoidance, and fall risk by quantifying the number of cones contacted during a standardized walking task. Although the psychometric properties of the CEW test have been established in populations including stroke survivors, patients with knee osteoarthritis, and patients with hip osteoarthritis, no study has yet investigated its measurement properties in individuals with MS. Given the multifaceted nature of gait and balance impairments in MS - encompassing motor, sensory, cognitive, and visuospatial deficits - the CEW test may serve as a clinically meaningful and ecologically valid tool in this population. Participants will be recruited from the Department of Neurology at Erciyes University Hospital and will undergo the CEW test along with a comprehensive battery of established mobility and balance outcome measures.

This single-blind, randomized controlled trial will employ a two-arm parallel design (exercise group vs. control group) with a 12-week intervention period. Randomization will be implemented using SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) to ensure balanced group allocation. All outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention.

Rotator cuff lesions are among the most common problems within musculoskeletal disorders. The prevalence of these lesions increases with age, and they encompass a wide spectrum of various injuries and pathological conditions. The literature frequently reports that such lesions often lead to pain, decreased functional capacity, and a reduction in quality of life. Although some of these lesions are traumatic in origin, the majority of rotator cuff problems are degenerative due to age-related changes in tendon structure. Recent scientific studies have indicated that core stability may be a significant factor in such musculoskeletal problems. Adequate core stabilization not only minimizes the load on the vertebral column but also enhances the strength and endurance of peripheral joints and facilitates the transfer of energy to distal segments. Given that rotator cuff lesions can adversely affect upper extremity functions and potentially result in reduced core stability, we hypothesize that they may negatively influence reaction time and hand-eye coordination, which are essential for the effective execution of motor tasks. To date, no studies have been identified in the literature investigating the relationship between core stability and reaction time or hand-eye coordination in individuals with rotator cuff lesions. In light of this information, the aim of our planned study is to examine the relationship between core stability and reaction time, hand-eye coordination, pain, and functional status in individuals with rotator cuff lesions and to compare these findings with asymptomatic individuals.

A randomized control trial will be done on diagnosed stroke patients of subacute stage in Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi and leading edge physical therapy and rehabilitation clinic.The purpose of the study is to determine Additional Effects of Kinesio-Taping along with conservative Physical Therapy on upper limb function, Range of motion and Spasticity in the patients with Subacute Stroke. The conservational physical therapy includes Passive and active ROMs 25 repetitions each, 3 times per week. PNF stretching (hold relax) for spastic muscles for 20 repetitions with a 10 second hold and 10 second relaxation of the muscle group 3 times per week. D1 flexion and extension for 20 repetitions 3 times per week. Kinesio tape 3 times per week. (Anchor opposed to effected compartment to provide facilitation and sustained stretch). with srtrngth training included in week 3-6 with a resistance band of medium resistance. treatment time will be 30 minutes on alternate days for six weeks.