Clinical trials

This prospective cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study enrolled patients undergoing coronary angiography and left heart catheterization at Burapha University Hospital, Thailand. The diameters of the common femoral vein and common femoral artery were measured using ultrasonography, and the common FVD/FAD ratio was calculated. LVEDP, measured during left heart catheterization, served as the reference standard. An elevated LVEDP (\>16 mmHg) was defined as volume overload. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Fifty-four healthy sedentary male and female participants aged 18-30 years will be recruited for this study. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: a control group receiving placebo MMC capsules (n = 27) or a calamansi capsule supplementation group (n = 27). All participants will undergo health screening procedures, including medical history assessment, mental health questionnaire evaluation, and measurements of vital signs, height, body weight, and body composition. Venous blood samples will subsequently be collected to determine blood glucose, insulin, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. These assessments will be performed at three time points: 1) before capsule supplementation (baseline), 2) following a single dose of capsule supplementation, and 3) after 12 weeks of supplementation.