Clinical trials

New nurses often find it difficult to adjust when they start working in fast-paced, high-pressure trauma units, and many leave their jobs within the first two years. This study looks at whether a two-day training programme, called Basic Trauma Training (BTT), helps newly graduated nurses in Saudi trauma hospitals feel more confident, satisfied and engaged in their work, and more likely to stay in the nursing profession. The study takes place at two trauma hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Because it is not practical to randomly assign nurses to groups in this real-world hospital setting, the study compares an earlier group of new nurses, who receive standard hospital orientation only, with a later group, who receive standard orientation plus the two-day BTT training. Both groups complete questionnaires before and after their orientation or training period, answering questions about job satisfaction, engagement, stress and their plans to stay in the role. The study also looks at actual staff retention using hospital employment records at 6 and 12 months. Nurses in the comparison group are offered the BTT training later, once their part of the study is complete, so that everyone has the chance to take part in the training.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if knee extensor training with different protocols works to treat LBP in adults.. The main questions it aims to answer are: What are the comparative effects of open and closed kinetic chain knee extensor strengthening exercises versus lumbar stabilization exercises on lumbar curvature, postural control, and disability in individuals with non-specific low back pain? 1.4.2. How does open kinetic chain knee extensor strengthening affect pain, functional capacity, and lumbar spine stability compared to closed kinetic chain exercises in individuals with non-specific low back pain? 1.4.3 What is the effect of open kinetic chain knee extensor strengthening on pain, functional capacity, and lumbar spine stability compared to conventional lumbar muscle exercises in individuals with non-specific low back pain? 1.4.4 What is the effect of closed kinetic chain knee extensor strengthening on pain, functional capacity, and lumbar spine stability compared to conventional lumbar muscle exercises in individuals with non-specific low back pain? 1.4.5 What is the effect of open kinetic chain knee extensor strengthening on pain, functional capacity, and lumbar spine stability in individuals with non-specific low back pain? 1.4.6 What is the effect of close kinetic chain knee extensor strengthening on pain, functional capacity, and lumbar spine stability in individuals with non-specific low back pain? 1.4.7 What is the effect of conventional lumbar extensor strengthening on pain, functional capacity, and lumbar spine stability in individuals with non-specific low back pain Researchers will compare three different exercise protocols to a control group (will not receive exercise) to see if knee extensor training has an effect on problems associated with LBP. Participants will: * Exercise three times per week for 8 weeks * Be assessed before, 4 weeks after, and 8 weeks after intervention

The novelty of thisstudy lies in its comparative assessment of three latest intra-articular injection therapies including steroid injections, dextrose prolotherapy, and PRP, for knee OA associated impairments, with a focus on long-term efficacy and safety profile. While prior studies may have assessed one or two of these treatments individually therefore this protocol is systematically designed.